Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

Со всех языков на:
Все языки
Со всех языков на:
Все языки
Английский
Латинский
Немецкий
Русский
Французский

ex quo natus es

Толкование Перевод

1 nascor

nāscor (altlat. gnāscor), nātus sum (altl. gnātus sum), nāscitūrus, nāscī (verwandt mit gigno), I) eig.: A) gezeugt-, geboren werden, vom Manne und vom Weibe, v. Gewächsen = wachsen, verb. mit ex, de u. Abl. od. mit bl. Abl., selten mit ab u. Abl., quod ex quocumque asino et equa nascitur, id est mulus et mula, Varro LL.: bestiae ex se natos diligunt, ihre Jungen, Cic.: ex fratre et sorore nati, die Kinder, Nep.: ex me hic non natus est, sed ex fratre, er ist nicht mein Sohn, Ter.: ex me et hoc natus est, Ter.: ex Thetide natus, Quint.: de paelice natus, Ov.: quo de genere gnatus est illic Philoctetes? Plaut.: silice non nati sumus, Cic.: natus servā, Liv.: natus deā, Ov.: nasci certo patre, einen Vater haben, Cic.: libertino patre natus, Liv. epit.: nullo patre natus, ohne bestimmten Vater, Liv.: frater utroque parente natus (Ggstz. matre eādem natus), Liv.: rusticis parentibus natus, ein Bauernkind, -sohn, Macr.: generari et nasci a principibus, Tac.: nascentur ab illis, Verg. – mit Dat. wem? vitulum matri eius natum mirae magnitudinis, Aur. Vict.: ei filium nasciturum, qui, Iul. Val. – m. Dat. für wen? non nobis solum nati sumus, Cic.: herbam non pecori tantum, sed homini nasci, Sen.: nasci aerumnis, Sen. – m. attrib. Adi. zur Angabe als wer? unde illa scivit, niger an albus nascerer? Phaedr. 3, 15, 10: astruentes illum iustum nasci aut emori minime convenisse, Aur. Vict. de Caes. 20, 6. – absol., impares nascimur, pares morimur, Sen.: pomorum ingens modus nascitur, Curt.: pupillus non natus, ein ungeborenes M., Cic.: alqm natum non putare, Sen.: mortalis natus, als St. geboren, Cic.: vir natus, als Mann geboren, Phaedr.: homo natus, als Mensch geboren, Menschenkind, Menschensohn, Sen. u.a. (s. Bünem. Lact. 3, 19, 7. Davis Cic. Tusc. 3, 36): Macedo natus, ein M. von Geburt, Curt.: recens natus, s. recēnsno. II: post homines natos, seitdem Menschen gelebt haben, Cic.: post hominum genus natum, seit Erschaffung der Welt, Cic.: aves in pedes nascuntur, kommen mit den Füßen zuerst auf die Welt, Plin.: in miseriam nascimur sempiternam, wir werden zu ewigem Elende geboren, Cic.: Graeci nati in litteris, unter den Wissenschaften aufgewachsen, Cic.: inter vepres rosae nascuntur, Amm.: natus in libero populo inter iura legesque, Liv.: sub alio caelo natae beluae, Sen.: caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv.: id (diese Erzeugnisse) non apud eos nasci, Cic.: servus aut domi natus est aut hereditate relictus aut emptus, Ps. Quint. decl.: cuius domi haec nascuntur, dem das im eigenen Garten wächst (bildl.), Cic.: ibi natum esse, Syracusis natum esse, Plaut.: humi nascuntur fraga, Verg.: gramen, quod in eo loco gnatum esset, Gell. – Partiz. Futur. nāscitūrus, a, um, Pallad. 7, 7, 8. Cassian. de inc. Chr. 2, 3. Augustin. serm. 2, 1; 184, 3; 188, 4; 370, 2. Sidon. epist. 3, 3, 1. Ps. Porc. Latro decl. c. Catil. 8. Iul. Val. 1, 5 ed. Rom. (dagegen verlangt Cledon. 57, 34 K. naturus): Gerundiv nāscendus, a, um, zB. ad homines quoque nascendos vim numeri istius pertinere ait, zur Erzeugung, Bildung von Menschen, Gell. 3, 10, 7; vgl. Cod. Iust. 5, 27, 4. Cledon. 57, 34 K. – B) entspringen, entstammen, nascetur pulchrā Troianus origine Caesar, Verg.: antiquo genere natus, aus einer alten Familie, Nep.: amplissimā familiā natus, Caes.: natus summo loco, von vornehmer Herkunft, Cic.: obscure natus, von dunkler Herkunft, Eutr.: non admodum clare natus, von keiner sehr berühmten Familie, Eutr. – ex senatoribus principes nascuntur, Tac. hist. 1, 84. – II) übtr., von konkr. u. abstr. Ggstdn., entstehen, entspringen, herrühren, sich zeigen, seinen Anfang nehmen, werden, verb. mit ex, ab, in u. Abl., nasci ex omnibus rebus omne genus posset, Lucr.: ex palude nascitur amnis, Plin.: ex hoc nascitur, ut etc., daraus folgt, daß usw., Cic.: ab eo flumine collis nascebatur, erhob sich, Caes.: nulla pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur, Cic.: querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo, Catull.: profectio nata a timore defectionis, Caes.: a vobis natus sum consularis, Cic.: invenietis id facinus natum a cupiditate, Cic.: fateor ea me studiose secutum, ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset, Cic.: Ganges in montibus nascitur, Plin.: apud quos (Auchetas) Hypanis nascitur, Mart. Cap.: nascitur ibi plumbum, Caes.: absol., inde quasi nata (wie aus dem Boden gestampft) subito classis erupit, Flor.: lunā nascente, beim Aufgang des Mondes, Hor.: nascere, Lucifer, geh auf! Verg.: natae nebulae, Ov.: nascentia templa, neu sich erhebende Tempel, Mart.: nascentis Italiae fauces, des beginnenden J., Flor.: ut mihi nascatur argumentum epistulae, damit ich Stoff zum Briefe bekomme, Cic.: in sermone nato super cenam, das sich entsponnen hatte, Suet. Caes. 87.

Außerdem bemerke man noch in bes. Bed. die Participia A) nāscentia, ium, n., organische Körper, bes. Gewächse, Vitr. 5, 1, 3 u. 8, 1. – B) nātus (gnātus), a, um, 1) subst.: a) nātus (gnātus), ī, m., α) Sohn, natus crudelis, v. Alkmäon, Verg.: volucer, v. Amor, Ov.: mihi ausculta, nate, Enn.: da, nate, petenti, Verg.: natum obiectat illis, den Tod des S., Ov.: Plur. nati, Kinder, Verg., Ov. u.a. Dicht.: in klass. Prosa nur im Ggstz. zu parentes u. dgl., nati et parentes, Cic. de amic. 27: parentes natique, Liv. 1, 23, 1: viri natique, Liv. 5, 40, 3: maritus et nati, Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 2900: von Tieren, die Jungen, Colum., Verg. u. Ov. – β) ein Mensch, nemo natus in aedibus habitat, keine menschliche Seele, Plaut.; vgl. Lorenz Plaut., most. 389. – b) nāta (gnāta), ae, f., Tochter, gnatam requirens, Cic. fragm. H. IV, a, 694: maxima natarum Priami, Verg.: si quis gnatam pro muta devovet agna, Hor.: Dat. u. Abl. Plur. natis; aber auch natabus (gnatabus), Plaut. bei Prisc. 7, 11. Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 1963. col. 1. lin. 3. Vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 36 ff. – c) neutr. pl., terrā nata, Erzeugnisse der Erde, Cic. ep. 9, 26, 2: sponte natis ali, sich von dem nähren, was ohne Anbau wächst, Arnob. 2, 40 in. – 2) adi.: a) zu etw. geboren, zu etw. geschaffen, von Natur zu etw. bestimmt, dah. geschickt, geeignet, m. ad od. in u. Akk. od. m. bl. Dat. (s. Müller Liv. 1, 34, 3), vir ad omnia summa natus, Cic.: vir nihil minus quam ad bella natus, Liv. epit.: ad dicendum natus et aptus, recht dazu gemacht usw., Cic.: bos ad arandum natus, Cic.: locus natus ad equestrem pugnam, Liv.: nata in vanos tumultus gens, Liv.: viri in arma nati, Liv.: natis in usum laetitiae scyphis, Hor.: Crispus iucundus et delectationi natus, Cic.: natus abdomini suo, Cic., abdomini et voluptatibus, Treb. Poll.: qui se natum huic imperio putavit, Cic.: nationes natae servituti, Cic.: loca nata insidiis, Liv.: natus agendis rebus, Hor.: otium natum sermonibus serendis, Curt.: ager rē ipsā natus tegendis insidiis, Liv. – m. adversus u. Akk., Hannibal natus adversus Romanos hostis, Liv. 35, 12, 14. – mit Infin., fruges consumere nati, Hor. ep. 1, 2, 27: natus tolerare labores, Ov. met. 15, 121: pati natae (feminae), Sen. ep. 95, 21: aqua nata defluere, Sen. nat. qu. 2, 9, 2: quod illa prona in terramque vergentia nihil nata sunt prospicere nisi pabulum, Min. Fel. 17, 2. – b) mit Adverbien, irgendwie (von Natur) beschaffen, ita natus locus est, Liv.: ager male natus, Varro: ita rem natam intellego, Plaut.: versus male nati, Hor.: homo improbius natus, i.e. cui magna est natura, im obszönen Sinne, Suet.: dah. e re nata, Ter., od. pro re nata, Cic., nach Beschaffenheit der Sache od. der Umstände, der Zeit. – c) mit einer Zeitbestimmung im Acc., irgendwie alt, in einem Alter von, annos nonaginta natus, Cic.: plus triginta natus annis ego sum, Plaut.: od. mit einer Zeitangabe im Genet., decem annorum natus, Varro sat. Men. 496: annorum gnatus XVI, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 26: septem nata annorum, ibid. 1, 1011. Vgl. magnus no. II, A, 2, b, α u. parvus no. II, C, 2, a. – / Parag. Infin. nascier, Anthol. Lat. 6, 19 R. Über die übrigen Formen von nascor vgl. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 444.

lateinisch-deutsches > nascor
2 nascor

nāscor (altlat. gnāscor), nātus sum (altl. gnātus sum), nāscitūrus, nāscī (verwandt mit gigno), I) eig.: A) gezeugt-, geboren werden, vom Manne und vom Weibe, v. Gewächsen = wachsen, verb. mit ex, de u. Abl. od. mit bl. Abl., selten mit ab u. Abl., quod ex quocumque asino et equa nascitur, id est mulus et mula, Varro LL.: bestiae ex se natos diligunt, ihre Jungen, Cic.: ex fratre et sorore nati, die Kinder, Nep.: ex me hic non natus est, sed ex fratre, er ist nicht mein Sohn, Ter.: ex me et hoc natus est, Ter.: ex Thetide natus, Quint.: de paelice natus, Ov.: quo de genere gnatus est illic Philoctetes? Plaut.: silice non nati sumus, Cic.: natus servā, Liv.: natus deā, Ov.: nasci certo patre, einen Vater haben, Cic.: libertino patre natus, Liv. epit.: nullo patre natus, ohne bestimmten Vater, Liv.: frater utroque parente natus (Ggstz. matre eādem natus), Liv.: rusticis parentibus natus, ein Bauernkind, -sohn, Macr.: generari et nasci a principibus, Tac.: nascentur ab illis, Verg. – mit Dat. wem? vitulum matri eius natum mirae magnitudinis, Aur. Vict.: ei filium nasciturum, qui, Iul. Val. – m. Dat. für wen? non nobis solum nati sumus, Cic.: herbam non pecori tantum, sed homini nasci, Sen.: nasci aerumnis, Sen. – m. attrib. Adi. zur Angabe als wer? unde illa scivit, niger an albus nascerer? Phaedr. 3, 15, 10: astruentes illum iustum nasci aut emori mi-

————

nime convenisse, Aur. Vict. de Caes. 20, 6. – absol., impares nascimur, pares morimur, Sen.: pomorum ingens modus nascitur, Curt.: pupillus non natus, ein ungeborenes M., Cic.: alqm natum non putare, Sen.: mortalis natus, als St. geboren, Cic.: vir natus, als Mann geboren, Phaedr.: homo natus, als Mensch geboren, Menschenkind, Menschensohn, Sen. u.a. (s. Bünem. Lact. 3, 19, 7. Davis Cic. Tusc. 3, 36): Macedo natus, ein M. von Geburt, Curt.: recens natus, s. recens no. II: post homines natos, seitdem Menschen gelebt haben, Cic.: post hominum genus natum, seit Erschaffung der Welt, Cic.: aves in pedes nascuntur, kommen mit den Füßen zuerst auf die Welt, Plin.: in miseriam nascimur sempiternam, wir werden zu ewigem Elende geboren, Cic.: Graeci nati in litteris, unter den Wissenschaften aufgewachsen, Cic.: inter vepres rosae nascuntur, Amm.: natus in libero populo inter iura legesque, Liv.: sub alio caelo natae beluae, Sen.: caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv.: id (diese Erzeugnisse) non apud eos nasci, Cic.: servus aut domi natus est aut hereditate relictus aut emptus, Ps. Quint. decl.: cuius domi haec nascuntur, dem das im eigenen Garten wächst (bildl.), Cic.: ibi natum esse, Syracusis natum esse, Plaut.: humi nascuntur fraga, Verg.: gramen, quod in eo loco gnatum esset, Gell. – Partiz. Futur. nāscitūrus, a, um, Pallad. 7, 7, 8. Cassian. de inc. Chr. 2, 3. Augustin. serm. 2,

————

1; 184, 3; 188, 4; 370, 2. Sidon. epist. 3, 3, 1. Ps. Porc. Latro decl. c. Catil. 8. Iul. Val. 1, 5 ed. Rom. (dagegen verlangt Cledon. 57, 34 K. naturus): Gerundiv nāscendus, a, um, zB. ad homines quoque nascendos vim numeri istius pertinere ait, zur Erzeugung, Bildung von Menschen, Gell. 3, 10, 7; vgl. Cod. Iust. 5, 27, 4. Cledon. 57, 34 K. – B) entspringen, entstammen, nascetur pulchrā Troianus origine Caesar, Verg.: antiquo genere natus, aus einer alten Familie, Nep.: amplissimā familiā natus, Caes.: natus summo loco, von vornehmer Herkunft, Cic.: obscure natus, von dunkler Herkunft, Eutr.: non admodum clare natus, von keiner sehr berühmten Familie, Eutr. – ex senatoribus principes nascuntur, Tac. hist. 1, 84. – II) übtr., von konkr. u. abstr. Ggstdn., entstehen, entspringen, herrühren, sich zeigen, seinen Anfang nehmen, werden, verb. mit ex, ab, in u. Abl., nasci ex omnibus rebus omne genus posset, Lucr.: ex palude nascitur amnis, Plin.: ex hoc nascitur, ut etc., daraus folgt, daß usw., Cic.: ab eo flumine collis nascebatur, erhob sich, Caes.: nulla pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur, Cic.: querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo, Catull.: profectio nata a timore defectionis, Caes.: a vobis natus sum consularis, Cic.: invenietis id facinus natum a cupiditate, Cic.: fateor ea me studiose secutum, ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset, Cic.: Ganges in montibus na-

————

scitur, Plin.: apud quos (Auchetas) Hypanis nascitur, Mart. Cap.: nascitur ibi plumbum, Caes.: absol., inde quasi nata (wie aus dem Boden gestampft) subito classis erupit, Flor.: lunā nascente, beim Aufgang des Mondes, Hor.: nascere, Lucifer, geh auf! Verg.: natae nebulae, Ov.: nascentia templa, neu sich erhebende Tempel, Mart.: nascentis Italiae fauces, des beginnenden J., Flor.: ut mihi nascatur argumentum epistulae, damit ich Stoff zum Briefe bekomme, Cic.: in sermone nato super cenam, das sich entsponnen hatte, Suet. Caes. 87.

Außerdem bemerke man noch in bes. Bed. die Participia A) nāscentia, ium, n., organische Körper, bes. Gewächse, Vitr. 5, 1, 3 u. 8, 1. – B) nātus (gnātus), a, um, 1) subst.: a) nātus (gnātus), ī, m., α) Sohn, natus crudelis, v. Alkmäon, Verg.: volucer, v. Amor, Ov.: mihi ausculta, nate, Enn.: da, nate, petenti, Verg.: natum obiectat illis, den Tod des S., Ov.: Plur. nati, Kinder, Verg., Ov. u.a. Dicht.: in klass. Prosa nur im Ggstz. zu parentes u. dgl., nati et parentes, Cic. de amic. 27: parentes natique, Liv. 1, 23, 1: viri natique, Liv. 5, 40, 3: maritus et nati, Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 2900: von Tieren, die Jungen, Colum., Verg. u. Ov. – β) ein Mensch, nemo natus in aedibus habitat, keine menschliche Seele, Plaut.; vgl. Lorenz Plaut., most. 389. – b) nāta (gnāta), ae, f., Tochter, gnatam requirens, Cic. fragm. H. IV, a, 694: maxima

————

natarum Priami, Verg.: si quis gnatam pro muta devovet agna, Hor.: Dat. u. Abl. Plur. natis; aber auch natabus (gnatabus), Plaut. bei Prisc. 7, 11. Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 1963. col. 1. lin. 3. Vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 36 ff. – c) neutr. pl., terrā nata, Erzeugnisse der Erde, Cic. ep. 9, 26, 2: sponte natis ali, sich von dem nähren, was ohne Anbau wächst, Arnob. 2, 40 in. – 2) adi.: a) zu etw. geboren, zu etw. geschaffen, von Natur zu etw. bestimmt, dah. geschickt, geeignet, m. ad od. in u. Akk. od. m. bl. Dat. (s. Müller Liv. 1, 34, 3), vir ad omnia summa natus, Cic.: vir nihil minus quam ad bella natus, Liv. epit.: ad dicendum natus et aptus, recht dazu gemacht usw., Cic.: bos ad arandum natus, Cic.: locus natus ad equestrem pugnam, Liv.: nata in vanos tumultus gens, Liv.: viri in arma nati, Liv.: natis in usum laetitiae scyphis, Hor.: Crispus iucundus et delectationi natus, Cic.: natus abdomini suo, Cic., abdomini et voluptatibus, Treb. Poll.: qui se natum huic imperio putavit, Cic.: nationes natae servituti, Cic.: loca nata insidiis, Liv.: natus agendis rebus, Hor.: otium natum sermonibus serendis, Curt.: ager rē ipsā natus tegendis insidiis, Liv. – m. adversus u. Akk., Hannibal natus adversus Romanos hostis, Liv. 35, 12, 14. – mit Infin., fruges consumere nati, Hor. ep. 1, 2, 27: natus tolerare labores, Ov. met. 15, 121: pati natae (feminae), Sen. ep. 95, 21: aqua nata defluere, Sen. nat. qu. 2, 9, 2: quod

————

illa prona in terramque vergentia nihil nata sunt prospicere nisi pabulum, Min. Fel. 17, 2. – b) mit Adverbien, irgendwie (von Natur) beschaffen, ita natus locus est, Liv.: ager male natus, Varro: ita rem natam intellego, Plaut.: versus male nati, Hor.: homo improbius natus, i.e. cui magna est natura, im obszönen Sinne, Suet.: dah. e re nata, Ter., od. pro re nata, Cic., nach Beschaffenheit der Sache od. der Umstände, der Zeit. – c) mit einer Zeitbestimmung im Acc., irgendwie alt, in einem Alter von, annos nonaginta natus, Cic.: plus triginta natus annis ego sum, Plaut.: od. mit einer Zeitangabe im Genet., decem annorum natus, Varro sat. Men. 496: annorum gnatus XVI, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 26: septem nata annorum, ibid. 1, 1011. Vgl. magnus no. II, A, 2, b, α u. parvus no. II, C, 2, a. – ⇒ Parag. Infin. nascier, Anthol. Lat. 6, 19 R. Über die übrigen Formen von nascor vgl. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 444.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > nascor
3 educo [1]

1. ēduco, āvī, ātum, āre (Intens. v. 2. educo), aufziehen, auffüttern, ernähren, physisch u. moralisch erziehen, im Passiv educari oft = aufmachsen (vgl. R. Klotz zu Ciceros Reden 1. S. LXI s. Mützell Curt. 3, 12 [31], 16), a) v. leb. Subjj.: α) Menschen: alqm, Cic. u.a.: alqm bene pudiceque, Plaut.: filiam clam, Ter.: alqm liberius, Sen.: alqm humili cultu, Liv.: educari sine deliciis (einfach), Sen. rhet.: pater mihi reliquit parvum tugurium, in quo natus educatusque sum, Liv.: gremio ac sinu matris educari, Tac.: alcis cibo et sumptu educari, Plaut.: caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv.: montes, apud quos erat educatus, Flor.: educatus in domo Periclis, Nep., in eadem domo, Ps. Quint. decl.: in matris sinu indulgentiaque educatus, Tac.: homo ingenuus liberaliterque educatus, Cic.: honeste educatus, Vitr.: in honesta familia institutus et educatus ingenue, Cic.: ad turpitudinem educatus, Cic.: puerum tradere alci educandum, Quint. – poet., educ. senectam alcis, jmd. im Alter ernähren, Ov. – β) Tiere: animalia, quibus abest ars et sedulitas educandi, Fronto: pullum asininum educari paleis, feno, hordeo, Varro: in educando perfacile apparet aliud quiddam iis (bestiis) propositum, Cic. – b) v. lebl. Subjj.: tractus uter plures lepores, uter educet apros, Hor.: non ager hic pomum, non dulces educat uvas, Ov. – übtr., educata huius nutrimentis eloquentia, von ihr genährt u. gepflegt, Cic. or. 42.

lateinisch-deutsches > educo [1]
4 educo

1. ēduco, āvī, ātum, āre (Intens. v. 2. educo), aufziehen, auffüttern, ernähren, physisch u. moralisch erziehen, im Passiv educari oft = aufmachsen (vgl. R. Klotz zu Ciceros Reden 1. S. LXI s. Mützell Curt. 3, 12 [31], 16), a) v. leb. Subjj.: α) Menschen: alqm, Cic. u.a.: alqm bene pudiceque, Plaut.: filiam clam, Ter.: alqm liberius, Sen.: alqm humili cultu, Liv.: educari sine deliciis (einfach), Sen. rhet.: pater mihi reliquit parvum tugurium, in quo natus educatusque sum, Liv.: gremio ac sinu matris educari, Tac.: alcis cibo et sumptu educari, Plaut.: caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv.: montes, apud quos erat educatus, Flor.: educatus in domo Periclis, Nep., in eadem domo, Ps. Quint. decl.: in matris sinu indulgentiaque educatus, Tac.: homo ingenuus liberaliterque educatus, Cic.: honeste educatus, Vitr.: in honesta familia institutus et educatus ingenue, Cic.: ad turpitudinem educatus, Cic.: puerum tradere alci educandum, Quint. – poet., educ. senectam alcis, jmd. im Alter ernähren, Ov. – β) Tiere: animalia, quibus abest ars et sedulitas educandi, Fronto: pullum asininum educari paleis, feno, hordeo, Varro: in educando perfacile apparet aliud quiddam iis (bestiis) propositum, Cic. – b) v. lebl. Subjj.: tractus uter plures lepores, uter educet apros, Hor.: non ager hic pomum, non dulces educat uvas, Ov. – übtr., educata huius nutri-

————

mentis eloquentia, von ihr genährt u. gepflegt, Cic. or. 42.

————————

2. ē-dūco, dūxī, ductum, ere, I) herausziehen, -führen, A) herausziehen, 1) im allg.: gladium, Caes.: gladium e vagina, Cic.: radicem e terra, Varro: e certis armariis infinita volumina, Vitr.: corpore telum cruentum, Cornif. rhet.: pisces everriculo in litus, Varro: diductis labris (boum) linguam, Col.: oculos, ausreißen, Sen. – 2) insbes.: a) als t.t. der Geburtshilfe, das Kind herausziehen, infans per manus commodius educitur, Cels.: demitti debet uncus..., deinde attractus infantem educet, Cels. – b) als t.t. beim Losen, ziehen, sortem, Cic.: alqm ex urna, Cic.: tribus, Cic. – c) ausziehen = austrinken, Plaut. Amph. 430 u.a. – d) ausbrüten, pullos suos, Plaut.: foetum, Plin. – e) das Fazit einer Rechnung erschöpfend ziehen, eam rationem, dieses genau berechnen, Plaut. truc. 24 Schoell. – B) herausführen, 1) im allg.: inde educere, Liv.: ex urbe, Liv.: e carcere, Sen.: e navi, Suet.: hominem de senatu, Cic.: alqm de vinculis audiendum (zum Verhör), Amm.: uxorem a domo secum, mitnehmen, Caes.: medicum secum, Cic.: se multitudini, sich über die M. erheben, Sen. de vita beata 2, 3: m. dopp. Acc., hos secum milites (als S.), Cic. – m. Ang. wohin? = hin-, weg-, hervorführen, alqm huc foras, Plaut.: citius me eduxi foras, ich habe mich fortgemacht, Ter.: populum e comitio in septem iugera forensia, Varro: alqm secum rus, mitnehmen,

————

Cic.: alqm in provinciam, Cic. – 2) insbes.: a) als milit. t.t., Truppen usw. aus einem Orte herausführen, ausrücken-, ausmarschieren lassen, cohortes, Caes.: cohortes ex urbe, Caes.: copias castris u. e castris, Caes.: exercitum ab urbe, Liv. – exercitum in expeditionem, Cic.: copias in aciem, Liv. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 3, 62, 5): copias adversus alqm, Frontin. – b) als publiz. t.t., jmd. vor Gericht führen, alqm in ius, Cic.: alqm ad consules u. bl. educere alqm, Cic. – c) zur Bestrafung abführen, alqm ad tintinnaculos viros, Plaut. truc. 782. – d) als naut. t.t., ein Schiff aus dem Hafen herausführen, auslaufen lassen, naves, Caes.: naves ex portu, Caes.: classem portu, Plin. – e) aus einem Lande ausführen, equos ex Italia, Liv. 43, 5, 9. – f) ein Wasser hin- od. ableiten, lacum, Cic.: aquam in fossas, Plin.: in fundum, ICt. – g) ein Bauwerk in ein Gewässer hinausbauen, moles, quam eductam in Rhenum rettulimus, Tac. hist. 5, 18. – h) ein Bauwerk vorschieben, claudebat pontem imposita turris et in extremam navem educta, Tac. bist. 2, 34. – II) in die Höhe führen, -ziehen, A) in die Luft emporführen, 1) eig.: alqm superas sub auras, Verg.: im Bilde, in astra, bis zu den Sternen erheben, hoch preisen, Hor. – 2) übtr.: a) emporführen = errichten, turris summis sub astra educta tectis, Verg.: turres altius, Tac. – b) ein Kind, ein Junges aufziehen, erziehen, groß ziehen (vgl. Drak.

————

u. Fabri Liv. 21, 43, 15. Mützell Curt. 3,12 [31], 16), alqm, Komik., Cic. u.a.: serum regem, Verg.: alqm a parvulo, Ter.: alqm bene et pudice, Ter.: eductus in contubernio legionum, Tac.: hic (pullus) ita eductus, Varro. – poet. v. Lebl., aura distinctos educit verna colores, zieht heran, Catull. 64, 90. – B) was niedergelassen ist aufziehen, ubi tolluntur festis aulaea theatris, surgere signa solent, primumque ostendere vultus, cetera paulatim; placidoque educta (sc. signa) tenore tota patent, Ov. met. 3, 111 sqq. – III) eine Zeit fort-, hinausführen = hinbringen, zubringen, verleben, pios annos, Prop.: dena saecula, Sen.: insomnem noctem ludo, Stat.: somnos sub hiberno caelo, Sil. – ⇒ Alter Imperat. educe, Plaut. Pers. 459; Stich. 762 (aber educ, Cic. Cat. 1, 10. Ps. Augustin. serm. app. 71, 9): parag. Infin. Pass. educier, Plaut. truc. 908.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > educo
5 ex-

I и ē-
приставка (в которой звук x обыкновенно сохраняется перед начальными гласными и c, p, q, s, t основного слова, а в остальных случаях выпадает: e-duco, или ассимилируется: ef-fero; реже заменяется c: ecfero); обозначает преим.

1) отделение ( ex-eo)

2) движение вверх ( e-rigo)

3) лишение, освобождение ( ef-freno)

4) изменение качества ( ef-femino)

5) завершение ( e-vasto)

6) усиление ( e-gelidus)
II ex иē (оба — перед согласными; перед гласными тк. ex) praep. cum abl.
1) из (exire ex urbe C; pocula ex auro C; unus ex iis C)

aqua ex lauro decocta CC — отвар лаврового листа

2) с

ex equo delābi L — упасть с лошади

ejicere e saxo H — сбросить со скалы

ex loco superiore pugnare Cs — вести бой с возвышенного места

ex equo colloqui Cs — говорить с (сидя на) лошади

ex vinclis causam dicere Cs — произнести защитительную речь, находясь в оковах

3) от (oriri, nasci или gigni ex aliquo Ter etc.)

non longe ex eo loco Cs — недалеко от этого места

collis paululum ex planitie edĭtus Cs — холм, немного возвышающийся над равниной

statim e somno T — тотчас же встав ото сна

requiescere ex aliquā re Sl — отдохнуть (оправиться) от чего-л.

ex suā personā C — от своего имени

ex personā alicujus VP, Just — в чьей-л. роли (в качестве кого-л.)

agri ex hostibus capti Cs — земли, захваченные у противника

4) по причине, вследствие, из-за (ex eā causā C; quā ex re C etc.)

ex vino vacillare Q — шататься от (выпитого) вина

ex vulnere mori L — умереть от раны

laborare ex pedibus C — страдать ногами

ex eādem causā C — по той же причине

ex te duplex nos affĭcit sollicitudo C — из-за тебя у нас двойная забота

urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari C — (Ромул) велел назвать город по своему имени Римом

5)

а) на основании, в силу, сообразно, по (ex senatūs consulto Sl; ex jure, ex lege C; ex foedere Lcn)

ex hoc C — в силу этого

pactum, ex quo... Ap — договор, на условиях которого..

б) по соображениям, в соответствии, для

e communi utilitate T — для общего блага

e re meā Ter, C etc. (ex usu meo Cs) — в моих интересах

e re publicā C — в интересах (для пользы) государства

ex nullīus injuriā L — без чьего-л. ущерба

ex animo C — от всей души (искренно) или глубоко, действительно ( miser ex animo Pl)

ex ratione officii C — по соображениям долга

ex senatūs sententiā Sl, C — согласно с мнением сената, но

ex animi sententiā или ex sententiā C — по желанию (т. е. наилучшим образом)

ex abundanti Q — в изобилии

ex memoriā C — наизусть (на память)

ex parte C — частично

ex facili O — легко

ex integro PJ — сызнова

ex vero Sl — действительно

ex inesperato O — неожиданно

ex consuetudine C — по привычке

ex opinione hominum C — на основании общественного мнения

6) для определения времени: с, со времени, непосредственно после, вслед за

ex illo tempore (die) C etc. — с того времени (дня)

ex quo QC, Pt — с тех пор как

ex quo (tempore)? C — с каких пор?

dies ex eo die quintus Cs — пятый после этого день

ex quo natus es Sen — с самого твоего рождения

Cotta ex consulatu profectus est in Galliam C — тотчас же по окончании (своего) консульства Котта отправился в Галлию

ex itinere C — с дороги

diem ex die C — день за днём (со дня на день)

ex consule Eutr, CJ — экс-консул (бывший консул); но

ex Metello consule H — со времени консульства Метелла

e vestigio Cs — тотчас же

ex omni occasione PJ — при (во) всяком случае

aliud ex alio C — одно за другим; иногда для обозначения будущего

ex Idibus Mardis C — ко (со) времени (наступающих) Мартовских Ид

7) для определения перехода или превращения ( dii ex hominibus facti C)

e viridi pallens PM — иззелена-бледный

Латинско-русский словарь > ex-
6 caelum [2]

2. caelum (coelum), ī, n. (zu Wurzel [s] quait, hell, klar, altind. kētú ḥ, Helle, ahd. haitar = nhd. heiter), I) die Himmelswölbung, der Himmel, a) als oberer Weltraum, im Ggstz. zur Erde (die Wasser u. Land umfaßt), Sitz der Gestirne, luftige Höhe u. dgl., o caelum, o terra, o maria Neptuni, Pacuv. fr.: summus ille caeli stellifer cursus, Cic.: caelum totum astris distinctum et ornatum, Cic.: totius caeli descriptio, Cic.: contemplatio caeli, Cic.: spectator caeli siderumque, Liv.: caelum suspicere, Cic.: caelum spectare, Ov.: quaerere unum caelum sit an innumerabilia, Cic.: caelum pingere, Varr. fr. – occasio quasi decidit de caelo, fiel gleichs. vom H. (= kam unverhofft), Plaut.: non de caelo demissos, sed qui patrem ciere possent, nicht wie vom Himmel gefallen (= ganz fremd), Liv. – Sprichw., caelum ac terras miscere, alles von oberst zu unterst kehren, alles umstürzen, Liv. 4, 3, 6 (so auch maria omnia caelo miscere, Verg. Aen. 5, 790): u. caelum findere aratro, etwas Unmögliches tun, Ov. trist, 1, 8, 3: quid si nunc caelum ruat? (v. von eitler Furcht u. Erwartung Ergriffenen) Ter. heaut. 719: toto caelo errare, sich gröblich irren, Macr. sat. 3, 12, 10. – dah. α) als Höhe, wie unser Himmel, mons e mediis arenis attollitur in caelum, himmelan, Plin.: tollere manus ad caelum, Hor. u. Sen. rhet.: od. manus utrasque ad caelum, Sen. rhet.: it caelo (himmelan) clamor, Verg.: sonitum dare caelo, Verg. – u. bes. als bedeutende Höhe, iuncta caelo montium iuga, Liv.: nives caelo prope immixtae, fast himmelhoher, Liv.: educere molem caelo, himmelan, Verg.: caelum contingere (von Örtl.), Liv.: aequare alqd caelo, Verg.: aequare caelum, sich zum H. türmen (v. Meere), Ov.: u. minari in caelum, Verg.: exiit ad caelum arbos, Verg. – β) (poet.) als Oberwelt (Ggstz. Erebus, manes, Tartarus), Hecate caelo Ereboque potens, Verg.: falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes, Verg.: caelum in Tartara (Unterwelt) solvere, Verg. – γ) im Bilde, als Höchstes, was jmd. erreichen kann, Gipfel der Freude, des Glücks, Ruhms u. dgl., digito caelum attigisse putare, fast im H. zu sein glauben (= heilfroh sein), Cic.: caelum accipere, Ov.: u. (v. ungewöhnlichen Lob) alqm, alqd ferre ad od. in caelum, alqm tollere ad caelum, Cic.: alqd extollere caelo tenus, Iustin.: esse in caelo, bis in den H. erhoben werden, Cic.: alqm detrahere de caelo, seines hohen Ruhms berauben, Cic.: exaequat nos victoria caelo, Lucr. – b) als Luft-, Wolkenhimmel, α) als Sitz u. Ausgangspunkt der Lufterscheinungen, des Regens, Blitzes, caelum nocte atque nubibus obscuratum, Sall.: omne caelum hoc, in quo nubes imbres ventique coguntur, quod et umidum et caliginosum est propter exhalationem terrae, Cic.: propter aëris crassitudinem de caelo multa apud eos fiebant, et ob eandem causam multa inusitata partim e caelo, alia ex terra oriebantur, Cic.: a terris quantum caeli patet altus hiatus, Lucr.: subisse in caelum (v. Regenwasser), Plin.: demittere caelo imbres od. ex omni caelo nimbos, Ov.: cadere caelo od. de caelo (v. Meteorsteinen), Liv., u. cadere de caelo (v. Regen), ICt.: delabi de caelo (v. einem Bildnis, einer Fackel), Cic. u. Frontin.: de caelo servare, Himmelszeichen beobachten, Cic.: caelum discedit, Cic.: caelum finditur velut magno hiatu, Liv.: Arpis parmas in caelo visas, Liv.: cadunt caelo fulgura, Verg.: fulmina iaciuntur de caelo, Liv.: tangi de caelo, vom Blitz getroffen werden, Cato, Liv. u.a.: u. so percuti de caelo, Cic., u. ici e caelo, Cic.: ici de caelo, Iul. Obsequ.: et prius coruscare caelum creditur et mox tonare, Apul. – β) als untere Luftschicht, Dunstkreis, Atmosphäre, atmosphärische Luft, caelum liberum, apertum et liberum, die freie Luft, Cic. u.a. (bes. oft caelo libero frui, s. Bünem. Lact. 1, 21, 40): sub caelo, unter freiem H., in freier Luft, Ps. Quint. decl. 314: ferri per caelum, Verg.: per caelum eunte nuntio, Plin. – bes. Region der Witterung, densitas caeli, Vitr.: caeli compressio, Vitr.: potestne tibi haec lux aut huius caeli spiritus esse iucundus, Cic.: alium domi esse caeli haustum, Curt. – dah. Luft = Witterung, Wetter, Klima, caeli temperies, Plin. u.a. (s. Mützell Curt. p. 269): intemperies caeli, rauhe L. od. W., Liv.: gravitas huius caeli, hiesige ungesunde L., Cic.: serenitas caeli, Sen.: status caeli, Witterungsverhältnisse, Curt.: c. vernum, Sen.: c. tenue purumque et propterea salubre, Ggstz. caelum pingue et concretum, Cic.: c. liquidum, Ov.: c. spissum, Ov. u. Sen.: c. palustre, Sumpfluft, Liv.: c. bonum, Cato: c. pestilens. Sen.: c. temperatum, Cels.: c. crassum, Cic.: c. mitissimum, Liv.: c. umidum, siccum, Cels.: c. frigidum, calidum, Cels.: c. grave, Sen. u. Suet. – γ) als Träger der Tageszeit, albente caelo, Sisenn. 4. fr. 103 (b. Quint. 8, 3, 35). Caes. b. c. 1, 68, 1, od. caelo albente, Auct. b. Afr. 11, 1 u. 80, 3: albescente caelo, Paul. dig. 28, 2, 25. § 1: vesperascente caelo, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5. – c) der freie Himmel als Gesichtskreis, Horizont, libertas caeli, Quint.: cuicunque particulae caeli officeretur, Cic.: nox umida caelum abstulit, Verg. – dah. die Himmelsgegend, der Himmelsstrich, in eam caeli partem spectat, Plin.: hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv.: caelum, non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt, Hor. – d) der Himmel als Sitz der unsterblichen Götter, me assere caelo, erkläre mich himmlischen Ursprungs, Ov.: de caelo delabi (v. Romulus), Liv.: de caelo delapsus, wie ein Bote des Himmels, ein Gottgesandter, Cic.: u. so de caelo demissus, Lucr., caelo missus, Tibull., quasi de caelo missus, Iustin.: caelum conscendere, in den H. steigen, Val. Max.: alqm in caelo ponere, Iustin.: in caelum ire od. abire, gen H. fahren, Suet., Petr. u. Tibull.: so auch in caelum plurimo igne attolli, Tac.: non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videri escendere, Cic. – dah. α) = die Götter selbst, sunt commercia caeli, mit dem H. haben wir (Dichter) Umgang, Ov. am. 3, 549. – β) = göttliche Verehrung, quid me caelum sperare iubebas, Verg. georg. 4, 325. – γ) = Unsterblichkeit, virum caelo Musa beat, Hor.: dicare caelo, Plin.: decretum patri suo caelum, sein V. wurde für unsterblich erklärt, unter die Götter versetzt, Tac. – e) personif., Caelum, ī, n. = Caelus (s. caelus no. II), Hyg. fab. praef. in. p. 2 M. – II) übtr. = die Wölbung, Decke, imum c. camerae, der innere Himmel (die innere Seite) des Gewölbes, Vitr. 7, 3, 3: capitis, Plin. 11, 134. – / Apokop. Form. cael, Enn. ann. 561 (b. Auson. Technop. (XXVII) 13, 17. p. 139 Schenkl. – / Die Schreibung caelum, nicht coelum, jetzt in den meisten Ausgaben, vgl. Wagner Orthograph. Verg. p. 413.

lateinisch-deutsches > caelum [2]
7 caelum

1. caelum, ī, n. (caedo), der Meißel, Grabstichel des Ziseleurs, Varr. sat. Men. 7. Cic. Acad. 2, 85. Quint. 2, 21, 24: figuli, Mart. 4, 46, 14: Praxitelis, Stat. silv. 4, 6, 25: Plur., ferrea caela, Auson. epigr. 55, 6. p. 211 Schenkl.

————————

2. caelum (coelum), ī, n. (zu Wurzel [s] quait, hell, klar, altind. kētъ ḥ, Helle, ahd. haitar = nhd. heiter), I) die Himmelswölbung, der Himmel, a) als oberer Weltraum, im Ggstz. zur Erde (die Wasser u. Land umfaßt), Sitz der Gestirne, luftige Höhe u. dgl., o caelum, o terra, o maria Neptuni, Pacuv. fr.: summus ille caeli stellifer cursus, Cic.: caelum totum astris distinctum et ornatum, Cic.: totius caeli descriptio, Cic.: contemplatio caeli, Cic.: spectator caeli siderumque, Liv.: caelum suspicere, Cic.: caelum spectare, Ov.: quaerere unum caelum sit an innumerabilia, Cic.: caelum pingere, Varr. fr. – occasio quasi decidit de caelo, fiel gleichs. vom H. (= kam unverhofft), Plaut.: non de caelo demissos, sed qui patrem ciere possent, nicht wie vom Himmel gefallen (= ganz fremd), Liv. – Sprichw., caelum ac terras miscere, alles von oberst zu unterst kehren, alles umstürzen, Liv. 4, 3, 6 (so auch maria omnia caelo miscere, Verg. Aen. 5, 790): u. caelum findere aratro, etwas Unmögliches tun, Ov. trist, 1, 8, 3: quid si nunc caelum ruat? (v. von eitler Furcht u. Erwartung Ergriffenen) Ter. heaut. 719: toto caelo errare, sich gröblich irren, Macr. sat. 3, 12, 10. – dah. α) als Höhe, wie unser Himmel, mons e mediis arenis attollitur in caelum, himmelan, Plin.: tollere manus ad caelum, Hor. u. Sen. rhet.: od. manus utrasque ad caelum, Sen. rhet.: it caelo (him-

————

melan) clamor, Verg.: sonitum dare caelo, Verg. – u. bes. als bedeutende Höhe, iuncta caelo montium iuga, Liv.: nives caelo prope immixtae, fast himmelhoher, Liv.: educere molem caelo, himmelan, Verg.: caelum contingere (von Örtl.), Liv.: aequare alqd caelo, Verg.: aequare caelum, sich zum H. türmen (v. Meere), Ov.: u. minari in caelum, Verg.: exiit ad caelum arbos, Verg. – β) (poet.) als Oberwelt (Ggstz. Erebus, manes, Tartarus), Hecate caelo Ereboque potens, Verg.: falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes, Verg.: caelum in Tartara (Unterwelt) solvere, Verg. – γ) im Bilde, als Höchstes, was jmd. erreichen kann, Gipfel der Freude, des Glücks, Ruhms u. dgl., digito caelum attigisse putare, fast im H. zu sein glauben (= heilfroh sein), Cic.: caelum accipere, Ov.: u. (v. ungewöhnlichen Lob) alqm, alqd ferre ad od. in caelum, alqm tollere ad caelum, Cic.: alqd extollere caelo tenus, Iustin.: esse in caelo, bis in den H. erhoben werden, Cic.: alqm detrahere de caelo, seines hohen Ruhms berauben, Cic.: exaequat nos victoria caelo, Lucr. – b) als Luft-, Wolkenhimmel, α) als Sitz u. Ausgangspunkt der Lufterscheinungen, des Regens, Blitzes, caelum nocte atque nubibus obscuratum, Sall.: omne caelum hoc, in quo nubes imbres ventique coguntur, quod et umidum et caliginosum est propter exhalationem terrae, Cic.: propter aëris crassitudinem de caelo multa apud eos fiebant, et ob eandem causam

————

multa inusitata partim e caelo, alia ex terra oriebantur, Cic.: a terris quantum caeli patet altus hiatus, Lucr.: subisse in caelum (v. Regenwasser), Plin.: demittere caelo imbres od. ex omni caelo nimbos, Ov.: cadere caelo od. de caelo (v. Meteorsteinen), Liv., u. cadere de caelo (v. Regen), ICt.: delabi de caelo (v. einem Bildnis, einer Fackel), Cic. u. Frontin.: de caelo servare, Himmelszeichen beobachten, Cic.: caelum discedit, Cic.: caelum finditur velut magno hiatu, Liv.: Arpis parmas in caelo visas, Liv.: cadunt caelo fulgura, Verg.: fulmina iaciuntur de caelo, Liv.: tangi de caelo, vom Blitz getroffen werden, Cato, Liv. u.a.: u. so percuti de caelo, Cic., u. ici e caelo, Cic.: ici de caelo, Iul. Obsequ.: et prius coruscare caelum creditur et mox tonare, Apul. – β) als untere Luftschicht, Dunstkreis, Atmosphäre, atmosphärische Luft, caelum liberum, apertum et liberum, die freie Luft, Cic. u.a. (bes. oft caelo libero frui, s. Bünem. Lact. 1, 21, 40): sub caelo, unter freiem H., in freier Luft, Ps. Quint. decl. 314: ferri per caelum, Verg.: per caelum eunte nuntio, Plin. – bes. Region der Witterung, densitas caeli, Vitr.: caeli compressio, Vitr.: potestne tibi haec lux aut huius caeli spiritus esse iucundus, Cic.: alium domi esse caeli haustum, Curt. – dah. Luft = Witterung, Wetter, Klima, caeli temperies, Plin. u.a. (s. Mützell Curt. p. 269): intemperies caeli, rauhe L. od. W., Liv.: gravitas huius caeli, hiesige ungesunde

————

L., Cic.: serenitas caeli, Sen.: status caeli, Witterungsverhältnisse, Curt.: c. vernum, Sen.: c. tenue purumque et propterea salubre, Ggstz. caelum pingue et concretum, Cic.: c. liquidum, Ov.: c. spissum, Ov. u. Sen.: c. palustre, Sumpfluft, Liv.: c. bonum, Cato: c. pestilens. Sen.: c. temperatum, Cels.: c. crassum, Cic.: c. mitissimum, Liv.: c. umidum, siccum, Cels.: c. frigidum, calidum, Cels.: c. grave, Sen. u. Suet. – γ) als Träger der Tageszeit, albente caelo, Sisenn. 4. fr. 103 (b. Quint. 8, 3, 35). Caes. b. c. 1, 68, 1, od. caelo albente, Auct. b. Afr. 11, 1 u. 80, 3: albescente caelo, Paul. dig. 28, 2, 25. § 1: vesperascente caelo, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5. – c) der freie Himmel als Gesichtskreis, Horizont, libertas caeli, Quint.: cuicunque particulae caeli officeretur, Cic.: nox umida caelum abstulit, Verg. – dah. die Himmelsgegend, der Himmelsstrich, in eam caeli partem spectat, Plin.: hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem, Liv.: caelum, non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt, Hor. – d) der Himmel als Sitz der unsterblichen Götter, me assere caelo, erkläre mich himmlischen Ursprungs, Ov.: de caelo delabi (v. Romulus), Liv.: de caelo delapsus, wie ein Bote des Himmels, ein Gottgesandter, Cic.: u. so de caelo demissus, Lucr., caelo missus, Tibull., quasi de caelo missus, Iustin.: caelum conscendere, in den H. steigen, Val. Max.: alqm in caelo ponere, Iustin.: in caelum ire od. abire, gen H.

————

fahren, Suet., Petr. u. Tibull.: so auch in caelum plurimo igne attolli, Tac.: non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videri escendere, Cic. – dah. α) = die Götter selbst, sunt commercia caeli, mit dem H. haben wir (Dichter) Umgang, Ov. am. 3, 549. – β) = göttliche Verehrung, quid me caelum sperare iubebas, Verg. georg. 4, 325. – γ) = Unsterblichkeit, virum caelo Musa beat, Hor.: dicare caelo, Plin.: decretum patri suo caelum, sein V. wurde für unsterblich erklärt, unter die Götter versetzt, Tac. – e) personif., Caelum, ī, n. = Caelus (s. caelus no. II), Hyg. fab. praef. in. p. 2 M. – II) übtr. = die Wölbung, Decke, imum c. camerae, der innere Himmel (die innere Seite) des Gewölbes, Vitr. 7, 3, 3: capitis, Plin. 11, 134. – ⇒ Apokop. Form. cael, Enn. ann. 561 (b. Auson. Technop. (XXVII) 13, 17. p. 139 Schenkl. – ⇒ Die Schreibung caelum, nicht coelum, jetzt in den meisten Ausgaben, vgl. Wagner Orthograph. Verg. p. 413.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > caelum
8 cael

1.
caelum ( cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. [caedo], the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver:
caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant,
Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
2.
caelum ( coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb., v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. kuô, koilos], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.:
ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum,
Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.:
quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere,
Lucr. 2, 1097:
boat caelum fremitu virum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26:
quicquid deorum in caelo regit,
Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.:
lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo,
Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12;
so also, e caelo ictus,
Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
2.
Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
3.
In the lang. of augury:
de caelo servare,
to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so,
de caelo fieri, of celestial signs,
to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
4.
Prov.:
quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13:
decidere de caelo,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
5.
Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
6.
In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
II.
Meton.
A.
Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region:
cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat,
to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45:
hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem,
Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62:
caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
B.
The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.):
in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër,
Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102:
caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:
pingue et concretum caelum,
id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.:
caell intemperies,
Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3;
Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia,
id. ib. 3:
spiritus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15:
gravitas,
id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85:
varium caeli morem praediscere,
Verg. G. 1, 51:
varietas et mutatio,
Col. 11, 2, 1:
qualitas,
Quint. 5, 9, 15:
caeli solique clementia,
Flor. 3, 3, 13:
subita mutatio,
id. 4, 10, 9 al. —With adj.:
bonum,
Cato, R. R. 1, 2:
tenue,
Cic. Fat. 4, 7:
salubre,
id. Div. 1, 57, 130:
serenum,
Verg. G. 1, 260:
palustre,
Liv. 22, 2, 11:
austerum,
Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123:
foedum imbribus ac nebulis,
Tac. Agr. 12:
atrox,
Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.:
hibernum,
Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:
austrinum,
id. 16, 26, 46, § 109:
Italum,
Hor. C. 2, 7, 4:
Sabinum,
id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.:
quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni,
id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
C.
Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.:
eodem die albescente caelo,
Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1:
vesperascente caelo,
in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
D.
Height:
mons in caelum attollitur,
toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf.
Verg.: aequata machina caelo,
Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world:
falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes,
Verg. A. 6, 896.—
E.
Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.:
cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51:
ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere,
id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
F.
Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.:
Caesar in caelum fertur,
Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9:
Pisonem ferebat in caelum,
praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5:
te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt,
id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things:
omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas,
extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5:
caelo tenus extollere aliquid,
Just. 12, 6, 2:
in caelo ponere aliquem,
id.,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3:
Catonem caelo aequavit,
Tac. A. 4, 34:
caelo Musa beat,
Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.:
recludere caelum,
id. ib. 3, 2, 22;
the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti,
deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1:
digito caelum attingere,
to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7:
caelum accepisse fatebor,
Ov. M. 14, 844:
tunc tangam vertice caelum,
Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.:
caelum merere,
Sen. Suas. 1 init. —
G.
In gen., a vault, arch, covering:
caelum camerarum,
the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.:
capitis,
Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cael
9 caeli

1.
caelum ( cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. [caedo], the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver:
caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant,
Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
2.
caelum ( coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb., v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. kuô, koilos], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.:
ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum,
Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.:
quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere,
Lucr. 2, 1097:
boat caelum fremitu virum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26:
quicquid deorum in caelo regit,
Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.:
lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo,
Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12;
so also, e caelo ictus,
Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
2.
Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
3.
In the lang. of augury:
de caelo servare,
to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so,
de caelo fieri, of celestial signs,
to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
4.
Prov.:
quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13:
decidere de caelo,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
5.
Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
6.
In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
II.
Meton.
A.
Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region:
cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat,
to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45:
hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem,
Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62:
caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
B.
The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.):
in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër,
Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102:
caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:
pingue et concretum caelum,
id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.:
caell intemperies,
Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3;
Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia,
id. ib. 3:
spiritus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15:
gravitas,
id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85:
varium caeli morem praediscere,
Verg. G. 1, 51:
varietas et mutatio,
Col. 11, 2, 1:
qualitas,
Quint. 5, 9, 15:
caeli solique clementia,
Flor. 3, 3, 13:
subita mutatio,
id. 4, 10, 9 al. —With adj.:
bonum,
Cato, R. R. 1, 2:
tenue,
Cic. Fat. 4, 7:
salubre,
id. Div. 1, 57, 130:
serenum,
Verg. G. 1, 260:
palustre,
Liv. 22, 2, 11:
austerum,
Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123:
foedum imbribus ac nebulis,
Tac. Agr. 12:
atrox,
Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.:
hibernum,
Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:
austrinum,
id. 16, 26, 46, § 109:
Italum,
Hor. C. 2, 7, 4:
Sabinum,
id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.:
quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni,
id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
C.
Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.:
eodem die albescente caelo,
Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1:
vesperascente caelo,
in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
D.
Height:
mons in caelum attollitur,
toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf.
Verg.: aequata machina caelo,
Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world:
falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes,
Verg. A. 6, 896.—
E.
Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.:
cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51:
ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere,
id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
F.
Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.:
Caesar in caelum fertur,
Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9:
Pisonem ferebat in caelum,
praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5:
te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt,
id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things:
omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas,
extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5:
caelo tenus extollere aliquid,
Just. 12, 6, 2:
in caelo ponere aliquem,
id.,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3:
Catonem caelo aequavit,
Tac. A. 4, 34:
caelo Musa beat,
Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.:
recludere caelum,
id. ib. 3, 2, 22;
the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti,
deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1:
digito caelum attingere,
to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7:
caelum accepisse fatebor,
Ov. M. 14, 844:
tunc tangam vertice caelum,
Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.:
caelum merere,
Sen. Suas. 1 init. —
G.
In gen., a vault, arch, covering:
caelum camerarum,
the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.:
capitis,
Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caeli
10 caelum

1.
caelum ( cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. [caedo], the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver:
caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant,
Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
2.
caelum ( coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb., v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. kuô, koilos], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.:
ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum,
Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.:
quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere,
Lucr. 2, 1097:
boat caelum fremitu virum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26:
quicquid deorum in caelo regit,
Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.:
lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo,
Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12;
so also, e caelo ictus,
Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
2.
Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
3.
In the lang. of augury:
de caelo servare,
to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so,
de caelo fieri, of celestial signs,
to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
4.
Prov.:
quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13:
decidere de caelo,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
5.
Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
6.
In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
II.
Meton.
A.
Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region:
cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat,
to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45:
hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem,
Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62:
caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
B.
The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.):
in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër,
Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102:
caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:
pingue et concretum caelum,
id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.:
caell intemperies,
Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3;
Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia,
id. ib. 3:
spiritus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15:
gravitas,
id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85:
varium caeli morem praediscere,
Verg. G. 1, 51:
varietas et mutatio,
Col. 11, 2, 1:
qualitas,
Quint. 5, 9, 15:
caeli solique clementia,
Flor. 3, 3, 13:
subita mutatio,
id. 4, 10, 9 al. —With adj.:
bonum,
Cato, R. R. 1, 2:
tenue,
Cic. Fat. 4, 7:
salubre,
id. Div. 1, 57, 130:
serenum,
Verg. G. 1, 260:
palustre,
Liv. 22, 2, 11:
austerum,
Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123:
foedum imbribus ac nebulis,
Tac. Agr. 12:
atrox,
Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.:
hibernum,
Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:
austrinum,
id. 16, 26, 46, § 109:
Italum,
Hor. C. 2, 7, 4:
Sabinum,
id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.:
quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni,
id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
C.
Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.:
eodem die albescente caelo,
Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1:
vesperascente caelo,
in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
D.
Height:
mons in caelum attollitur,
toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf.
Verg.: aequata machina caelo,
Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world:
falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes,
Verg. A. 6, 896.—
E.
Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.:
cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51:
ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere,
id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
F.
Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.:
Caesar in caelum fertur,
Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9:
Pisonem ferebat in caelum,
praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5:
te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt,
id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things:
omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas,
extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5:
caelo tenus extollere aliquid,
Just. 12, 6, 2:
in caelo ponere aliquem,
id.,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3:
Catonem caelo aequavit,
Tac. A. 4, 34:
caelo Musa beat,
Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.:
recludere caelum,
id. ib. 3, 2, 22;
the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti,
deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1:
digito caelum attingere,
to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7:
caelum accepisse fatebor,
Ov. M. 14, 844:
tunc tangam vertice caelum,
Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.:
caelum merere,
Sen. Suas. 1 init. —
G.
In gen., a vault, arch, covering:
caelum camerarum,
the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.:
capitis,
Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caelum
11 celum

1.
caelum ( cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. [caedo], the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver:
caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant,
Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
2.
caelum ( coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb., v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. kuô, koilos], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.:
ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum,
Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.:
quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere,
Lucr. 2, 1097:
boat caelum fremitu virum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26:
quicquid deorum in caelo regit,
Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.:
lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo,
Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12;
so also, e caelo ictus,
Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
2.
Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
3.
In the lang. of augury:
de caelo servare,
to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so,
de caelo fieri, of celestial signs,
to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
4.
Prov.:
quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13:
decidere de caelo,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
5.
Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
6.
In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
II.
Meton.
A.
Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region:
cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat,
to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45:
hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem,
Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62:
caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
B.
The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.):
in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër,
Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102:
caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:
pingue et concretum caelum,
id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.:
caell intemperies,
Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3;
Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia,
id. ib. 3:
spiritus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15:
gravitas,
id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85:
varium caeli morem praediscere,
Verg. G. 1, 51:
varietas et mutatio,
Col. 11, 2, 1:
qualitas,
Quint. 5, 9, 15:
caeli solique clementia,
Flor. 3, 3, 13:
subita mutatio,
id. 4, 10, 9 al. —With adj.:
bonum,
Cato, R. R. 1, 2:
tenue,
Cic. Fat. 4, 7:
salubre,
id. Div. 1, 57, 130:
serenum,
Verg. G. 1, 260:
palustre,
Liv. 22, 2, 11:
austerum,
Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123:
foedum imbribus ac nebulis,
Tac. Agr. 12:
atrox,
Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.:
hibernum,
Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:
austrinum,
id. 16, 26, 46, § 109:
Italum,
Hor. C. 2, 7, 4:
Sabinum,
id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.:
quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni,
id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
C.
Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.:
eodem die albescente caelo,
Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1:
vesperascente caelo,
in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
D.
Height:
mons in caelum attollitur,
toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf.
Verg.: aequata machina caelo,
Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world:
falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes,
Verg. A. 6, 896.—
E.
Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.:
cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51:
ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere,
id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
F.
Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.:
Caesar in caelum fertur,
Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9:
Pisonem ferebat in caelum,
praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5:
te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt,
id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things:
omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas,
extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5:
caelo tenus extollere aliquid,
Just. 12, 6, 2:
in caelo ponere aliquem,
id.,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3:
Catonem caelo aequavit,
Tac. A. 4, 34:
caelo Musa beat,
Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.:
recludere caelum,
id. ib. 3, 2, 22;
the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti,
deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1:
digito caelum attingere,
to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7:
caelum accepisse fatebor,
Ov. M. 14, 844:
tunc tangam vertice caelum,
Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.:
caelum merere,
Sen. Suas. 1 init. —
G.
In gen., a vault, arch, covering:
caelum camerarum,
the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.:
capitis,
Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > celum
12 coelum

1.
caelum ( cēlum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 640), i, n. [caedo], the chisel or burin of the sculptor or engraver, a graver:
caelata vasa... a caelo vocata, quod est genus ferramenti, quem vulgo cilionem vocant,
Isid. Orig. 20, 4, 7; Quint. 2, 21, 24; Varr. ap. Non. p. 99, 18; Stat. S. 4, 6, 26; Mart. 6, 13, 1.— Plur., Aus. Epigr. 57, 6.
2.
caelum ( coelum; cf. Aelius ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 18 Müll.; Plin. 2, 4, 3, § 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129), i, n. (old form cae-lus, i, m., Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; and ap. Charis. p. 55 P.; Petr. 39, 5 sq.; 45, 3; Arn. 1, 59; cf. the foll. I. 2.; plur. caeli, only poet., Lucr. 2, 1097, caelos, cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 331; and in eccl. writers freq. for the Heb., v. infra, cf. Caes. ap Gell. 19, 8, 3 sq., and Charis. p. 21 P., who consider the plur. in gen. as not in use, v. Rudd. I. p. 109. From Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 3: unum caelum esset an innumerabilia, nothing can be positively inferred.—Form cael: divum domus altisonum cael, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. 13, 17, or Ann. v. 561 Vahl.) [for cavilum, root in cavus; cf. Sanscr. çva-, to swell, be hollow; Gr. kuô, koilos], the sky, heaven, the heavens, the vault of heaven (in Lucr alone more than 150 times): hoc inde circum supraque, quod complexu continet terram, id quod nostri caelum memorant, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll.:
ante mare et terras et quod tegit omnia caelum,
Ov. M. 1, 5; cf.:
quis pariter (potis est) caelos omnīs convortere,
Lucr. 2, 1097:
boat caelum fremitu virum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 78; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 73; Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 1; cf. Cat. 62, 26:
quicquid deorum in caelo regit,
Hor. Epod. 5, 1 et saep.:
lapides pluere, fulmina jaci de caelo,
Liv. 28, 27, 16.—Hence the phrase de caelo tangi, to be struck with lightning, Cato, R. R. 14, 3; Liv. 26, 23, 5 Drak.; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Galb. 1; Tac. A. 13, 24; 14, 12;
so also, e caelo ictus,
Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16.—
2.
Personified: Caelus (Caelum, Hyg. Fab. praef.), son of Aether and Dies, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; father of Saturn, Enn. ap. Non. p. 197, 9; Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 63; of Vulcan, id. ib. 3, 21, 55; of Mercury and the first Venus, id. ib. 3, 23, 59, Serv ad Verg. A. 1, 297 al.—
3.
In the lang. of augury:
de caelo servare,
to observe the signs of heaven, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; so,
de caelo fieri, of celestial signs,
to appear, occur, id. Div. 1, 42, 93.—
4.
Prov.:
quid si nunc caelum ruat? of a vain fear,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41 Don.; cf. Varr ap. Non. p. 499, 24: delabi caelo, to drop down from the sky, of sudden or unexpected good fortune, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41; cf.. caelo missus, Tib 1, 3, 90; Liv. 10, 8, 10; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13:
decidere de caelo,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 6 al.: caelum ac terras miscere, to confound every thing, overturn all, raise chaos, Liv 4, 3, 6; cf. Verg. A. 1, 133; 5, 790; Juv. 2, 25: findere caelum aratro, of an impossibility, Ov Tr 1, 8, 3: toto caelo errare, to err very much, be much or entirely mistaken, Macr. S. 3, 12, 10.—
5.
Gen. caeli in a pun with Caeli, gen. of Caelius, Serv. et Philarg. ad Verg. E. 3, 105.—
6.
In eccl. Lat. the plur caeli, ōrum, m., is very freq., the heavens, Tert. de Fuga, 12; id. adv. Marc. 4, 22; 5, 15; Lact. Epit. 1, 3; Cypr. Ep. 3, 3; 4, 5; Vulg. Psa. 32, 6; 21, 32; id. Isa. 1, 2.—
II.
Meton.
A.
Heaven, in a more restricted sense; the region of heaven, a climate, zone, region:
cuicumque particulae caeli officeretur, quamvis esset procul, mutari lumina putabat,
to whatever part of the horizon, however distant, the view was obstructed, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 45:
hoc caelum, sub quo natus educatusque essem,
Liv. 5, 54, 3; so Plin. 8, 54, 80, § 216; 17, 2, 2, §§ 16 and 19 sq.; Flor. 4, 12, 62:
caelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 27.—
B.
The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather (very freq.):
in hoc caelo, qui dicitur aër,
Lucr. 4, 132; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102:
caelum hoc, in quo nubes, imbres ventique coguntur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:
pingue et concretum caelum,
id. Div. 1, 57, 130: commoda, quae percipiuntur caeli temperatione, id. N. D. 2, 5, 13; cf.:
caell intemperies,
Liv. 8, 18, 1; Quint. 7, 2, 3;
Col. prooem. 1' intemperantia,
id. ib. 3:
spiritus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15:
gravitas,
id. Att. 11, 22, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85:
varium caeli morem praediscere,
Verg. G. 1, 51:
varietas et mutatio,
Col. 11, 2, 1:
qualitas,
Quint. 5, 9, 15:
caeli solique clementia,
Flor. 3, 3, 13:
subita mutatio,
id. 4, 10, 9 al. —With adj.:
bonum,
Cato, R. R. 1, 2:
tenue,
Cic. Fat. 4, 7:
salubre,
id. Div. 1, 57, 130:
serenum,
Verg. G. 1, 260:
palustre,
Liv. 22, 2, 11:
austerum,
Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123:
foedum imbribus ac nebulis,
Tac. Agr. 12:
atrox,
Flor. 3, 2, 2 et saep.:
hibernum,
Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:
austrinum,
id. 16, 26, 46, § 109:
Italum,
Hor. C. 2, 7, 4:
Sabinum,
id. Ep. 1, 7, 77; cf.:
quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum Salerni,
id. ib. 1, 15, 1. —
C.
Daytime, day (very rare): albente caelo, at break of day, Sisenn. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 35; Caes. B. C. 1, 68; Auct. B. Afr. 11; 80; cf.:
eodem die albescente caelo,
Dig. 28, 2, 25, § 1:
vesperascente caelo,
in the evening twilight, Nep. Pelop. 2, 5.—
D.
Height:
mons in caelum attollitur,
toward heaven, heavenwards, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; cf.
Verg.: aequata machina caelo,
Verg. A. 4, 89.—So of the earth or upper world in opposition to the lower world:
falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes,
Verg. A. 6, 896.—
E.
Heaven, the abode of the happy dead, etc. (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Apoc. 4, 2; 11, 15 et saep.; cf.:
cum (animus) exierit et in liberum caelum quasi domum suam venerit,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51:
ut non ad mortem trudi, verum in caelum videretur escendere,
id. ib. 1, 29, 71.—
F.
Trop, the summit of prosperity, happiness, honor, etc.:
Caesar in caelum fertur,
Cic. Phil. 4, 3, 6; cf. id. Att. 14, 18, 1; 6, 2, 9:
Pisonem ferebat in caelum,
praised, id. ib. 16, 7, 5:
te summis laudibus ad caelum extulerunt,
id. Fam. 9, 14, 1; 12, 25, 7; Hor. Ep 1, 10, 9; Tac. Or. 19.—Of things:
omnia, quae etiam tu in caelum ferebas,
extolled, Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5:
caelo tenus extollere aliquid,
Just. 12, 6, 2:
in caelo ponere aliquem,
id.,4,14; and: exaequare aliquem caelo, Lucr 1, 79; Flor. 2, 19, 3:
Catonem caelo aequavit,
Tac. A. 4, 34:
caelo Musa beat,
Hor. C. 4, 8, 29; cf.:
recludere caelum,
id. ib. 3, 2, 22;
the opp.: collegam de caelo detraxisti,
deprived of his exalted honor, Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 107: in caelo sum, I am in heaven, i. e. am very happy, id. Att. 2, 9, 1:
digito caelum attingere,
to be extremely fortunate, id. ib. 2, 1, 7:
caelum accepisse fatebor,
Ov. M. 14, 844:
tunc tangam vertice caelum,
Aus. Idyll. 8 fin.; cf.:
caelum merere,
Sen. Suas. 1 init. —
G.
In gen., a vault, arch, covering:
caelum camerarum,
the interior surface of a vault, Vitr. 7, 3, 3; Flor. 3, 5, 30 dub.:
capitis,
Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 134.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > coelum
13 unde

adv.

откуда (u. venis? H)

u. domo? V, H — откуда родом?

u. haec gentium est? Pl — да откуда она взялась?

u. incipiam? C — с чего мне начать?

eo... u. C — туда... откуда; иногда вместо praep. (a, de, ex) + pron. relat.

urbs, u. (= ex quā) fugit C — город, из которого он бежал

eum necavit, u. (= a quo) natus est C — он убил того, которым был рождён

is, u. jus stat L — тот, на стороне которого право

is, u. petĭtur C — тот, кто привлекается к ответственности, т. е. обвиняемый, ответчик

u. u. H, Ap, Tert — undecumque (см.)

Латинско-русский словарь > unde
14 caelum

caelum ī, n [2 CAV-], the sky, heaven, heavens, vault of heaven: caelum terra mariaque: quod tegit omnia caelum, O.: aliquod caeli signum, sign, constellation: in caelo regere, H.: portae de caelo tactae, struck by lightning, L.: caelum terramque miscere (of violent winds), V.: de caelo demissis, i. e. of divine descent, L.: albente caelo, at break of day, Cs.: vesperascente caelo, in the evening twilight, N. — In augury: de caelo servare, to observe the signs of heaven: de caelo fieri (of celestial signs), to appear.—Provv.: quid si nunc caelum ruat? (of a vain fear), T.: delabi caelo, to drop from the sky (of sudden good-fortune): caelum ac terras miscere, to throw everything into confusion, L.: findere caelum aratro (of an impossibility), O.—In a play on the name Caelius: caeli spatium, the breadth of the sky (or of the grave of Caelius), V. — A sky, clime, zone, region: caelum, sub quo natus essem, L.: Caelum non animum mutare, H.—The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather: foedus annus intemperie caeli, L.: caeli spiritus iucundus: caeli morem praediscere, V.: ducere animam de caelo, the open air: Germania aspera caelo, Ta.: salubre: serenum, V.: palustre, L.: foedum imbribus, Ta.—Fig., of well-being, heaven, the height of honor, prosperity, happiness: Caesar fertur in caelum, praised to the skies: vos ad caelum efferre rumore secundo, H.: collegam de caelo detraxisti, deprived of his position: in caelo sum, i. e. very happy: caelum accepisse fatebor, O. — Of things: omnia, quae tu in caelum ferebas, extolled.
* * *
I
caeli N N

heaven, sky, heavens; space; air, climate, weather; universe, world; Jehovah
II
caeli N N

chisel; engraving tool; burin

Latin-English dictionary > caelum
15 gnata

nascor, nātus, nasci (ante-class., and in poets of the class. period also gnatus, v. under P. a. B.; part. fut. nasciturus, Pall. Jun. 7, § 8; Vulg. Judic. 13, 8), 3, v. dep. [from gnascor, gnatus, root gen, whence gigno; cf. Gr. gennaô], to be born, to be begotten (of or by male or female).
I.
Lit.; constr. with ex or de and abl., or with abl. alone; rarely with ab and abl.
1.
With ex and abl. (esp. with name or other appellation of the mother):
cum ex utrāque (uxore) filius natus esset,
Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183:
cujus ex filiā natus est Sestius,
id. Fam. 13, 8, 1:
Servius Tullius ex serva Tarquiniensi natus,
id. Rep. 2, 21, 37:
ex hac feminā debuit nasci, qui, etc.,
Sen. ad Helv. 16, 6:
natam sibi ex Poppaeā filiam,
Tac. A. 15, 23 init.:
ex Thetide natus,
Quint. 3, 7, 11:
ex Urbiniā natus,
id. 7, 2, 5:
Alexandri filius natus ex Barsine,
Just. 13, 2, 7; cf.:
negantis (Domitii) quidquam ex se et Agrippinā nisi detestabile nasci potuisse,
Suet. Ner. 6:
quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf.:
convinces facile ex te esse natum, nam tui similis est probe,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 7:
ex militibus Romanis et Hispanis mulieribus natos se memorantes,
Liv. 43, 3, 2;
very rarely with a designation of the father, and only with pronouns: ex hoc Domitius nascitur,
Suet. Ner. 4 init.:
Neoptolemus ex quo nata est Olympias,
Just. 17, 3, 14:
ex quo nasci nepotes deceat,
Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 2:
illum ex me natum,
Val. Max. 5, 10 ext. 3; cf.:
quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me,
Juv. 9, 83.—
2.
With de and abl.:
de tigride natus,
Ov. M. 9, 612; cf.:
de stirpe dei nasci,
id. ib. 11, 312:
de pellice natus,
id. ib. 4, 422:
natus de muliere,
Vulg. Job, 14, 1; 15, 14. —
3.
With abl. (so usually with proper names;
and with general designations of parents, family, etc.): quos omnes Erebo et Nocte natos ferunt,
Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44:
Hercules Jove natus,
id. ib. 3, 16, 42:
Nilo natus,
id. ib. 3, 16, 42:
nascetur Oedipus Lao,
id. Fat. 13, 30:
patre Marte,
id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:
Paulo,
id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
privignus Poppaeā natus,
Suet. Ner. 55:
Ascanius Creusā matre natus,
Liv. 1, 3, 2: Junia, Vell. 2, 127, 4:
amplissimā familiā nati adulescentes,
Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 1:
honestis parentibus,
Quint. 1, 11, 85; Sen. Contr. 7, 21, 1:
Mela quibus Gallio et Seneca parentibus natus,
Tac. A. 16, 17:
deus deo natus,
Liv. 1, 16, 3:
imperioso patre,
id. 7, 4, 5; 9, 1, 12: Assaraco natus Capus, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):
patre certo nasci,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:
Apolline natus,
Ov. M. 15, 639: natus deā, son of a goddess, i. e. Achilles, id. M. 12, 86; so,
natus deā,
of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 582:
matre Musā natus,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45:
nascetur pulcrā Trojanus origine Caesar,
Verg. A. 1, 286.—
4.
With ab and abl.:
generari et nasci a principibus,
Tac. H. 1, 16:
et qui nascentur ab illo,
Verg. G. 1, 434.—
5.
In other constrr.:
post homines natos,
since men have lived, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 1:
post genus hominum natum,
id. Balb. 10, 26:
in miseriam nascimur,
id. Tusc. 1, 5, 9:
aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,
with the feet foremost, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:
ad homines nascendos vim hujus numeri (septenarii) pertinere,
to the formation of man in the womb, Gell. 3, 10, 7:
homo nascitur ad laborem,
i. e. it is his nature to suffer it, Vulg. Job, 5, 7.—
B.
Transf., to rise, take beginning, derive origin, spring forth, grow, be found: O fortunatam natam me consule Romam, Cic. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 24; and ap. Juv. 10, 122:
humi nascentia fraga,
Verg. E. 3, 92:
cum nata fuerint folia,
Vulg. Marc. 13, 28:
nascitur ibi plumbum album in mediterraneis regionibus,
is found, produced, Caes. B. G. 5, 12:
onyx nascitur circa Thebas Aegyptias,
Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 61:
ex palude nascitur amnis,
rises, id. 36, 26, 65, § 190:
nascere, praeque diem veniens age, Lucifer, almum,
rise, Verg. E. 8, 17:
unde nigerrimus Auster Nascitur,
id. G. 3, 278:
nascens luna,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 2; id. S. 2, 4, 30:
nascentia templa,
newly built, Mart. 6, 4, 3:
Circaeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum... ostrea,
Juv. 4, 140.— To rise, be formed (of a hill):
ab eo flumine collis nascebatur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:
nascitur altera moles,
Sil. 3, 530. —
II.
Trop.
A.
To arise, spring forth, proceed from, be produced:
scribes ad me, ut mihi nascatur epistulae argumentum,
Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 2:
nulla tam detestabilis pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur,
id. Off. 2, 5, 16:
fateor ea me studiose secutum ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:
facinus natum a cupiditate,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82; id. Font. 16, 37:
visus ei dicitur draco... dicere quo illa loci nasceretur,
id. Div. 2, 66, 135:
strumae nascuntur maxime in cervice,
Cels. 5, 28, 7; 7, 12, 1 fin.; 7, 6, 4 fin.:
onychem in Arabiae tantum montibus nasci putavere,
Plin. 36, 7, 12, § 59:
frumenta nata sunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63, § 147:
ex quo uno haec omnia nata et profecta esse concedit,
id. Quint. 28, 85; id. Agr 2, 33, 90:
profectio nata a timore defectionis,
Caes. B. G. 7, 43:
querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo,
Cat. 64, 198:
omnis obligatio vel ex contractu nascitur vel ex delicto,
Gai. Inst. 3, 88 sq. —With ut:
ex hoc nascitur ut,
hence it follows that, Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63; Sen. Ep. 74, 11.—
B.
Esp., of the spiritual renewal of a religious experience, to be regenerated, born again (eccl. Lat.):
quod natum est ex spiritu, spiritus est,
Vulg. Johan. 3, 6:
nasci denuo,
id. ib. 3, 7:
natus ex Deo,
id. 1 Johan. 3, 9, etc.—Hence, P. a.
A.
nascens, entis, arising, beginning, nascent, infant, immature:
ante Periclem et Thucydidem, qui non nascentibus Athenis, sed jam adultis fuerunt, littera nulla est, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 7, 27:
eloquentiam pueris induunt adhuc nascentibus,
Petr. 4:
(vitulus) vexat nascenti robora cornu,
Juv. 12, 9.—
2.
Subst.: nascentia, ĭum, n., organic bodies, esp. plants, Vitr. 5, 1, 3; 5, 8, 1.—
B.
nātus, a, um, P. a., born; hence,
1.
Subst.: nātus ( gnātus), i, m., a son; and nāta ( gnāta), ae, f. (dat. and abl. pl. natabus, where ambiguity is to be avoided, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P.; Inscr. Orell. 7421; Phocas, p. 1707 P.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 29), a daughter; in plur.: nati (gnati), children, offspring:
caritas, quae est inter natos et parentes,
Cic. Lael. 8, 27:
bellum prope inter parentes natosque,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 5, 40, 3:
cum pecore et gnatis,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 115:
et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,
Verg. A. 7, 518: mihi ausculta, nate, pueros jube cremarier, Enn. [p. 1188] ap. Non. 246, 11 (Trag. v. 329 Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 3, 43:
natam conlocare alicui,
Plaut. Aul. Arg. 1, 15: o gnata, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 46 Vahl.):
si quis gnatam pro mutā devovet agnā,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 219; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 199: Hectoris natum de muro jactarier, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll. (Trag. v. 130 Vahl.); so, Nerei natae, id. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P. (Trag. v. 135 Vahl.):
maxima natarum Priami,
Verg. A. 1, 654; Ov. M. 13, 661.—Esp. in the phrase natus nemo, not a human being, nobody (Plautine for nemo mortalis):
tamquam si natus nemo in aedibus habitet,
Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 55 Lorenz ad loc.; id. ib. 2, 2, 20:
nato nemini,
id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Ps. 1, 3, 63.—
2.
Adj.
a.
Natus alicui rei or ad aliquam rem, born, made, destined, designed, intended, produced by nature for any thing.
(α).
With dat. (class.):
me credo huic esse natum rei, ferundis miseriis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6:
non sibi se soli natum meminerit, sed patriae, sed suis,
Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:
natus huic imperio,
id. Cael. 24, 59:
gurges atque helluo natus abdomini suo, non laudi atque gloriae,
id. Pis. 17, 41:
Judaei et Syri, nationes natae servituti,
id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10. —
(β).
With ad (class.):
vir ad omnia summa natus,
Cic. Brut. 68, 239:
natus ad haec tempora,
id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:
ad dicendum natus aptusque,
id. de Or. 1, 22, 99:
ad haudem et ad decus nati, suscepti, instituti sumus,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 63:
ad hoc unum natus,
id. Or. 28, 99:
ut ad cursum equus, ad arandum bos, ad indagandum canis, sic homo ad intellegendum et agendum natus est,
id. Fin. 2, 13, 40:
natus ad sacra Cithaeron,
Ov. M. 2, 223:
canor mulcendas natus ad aures,
id. ib. 5, 561.—
(γ).
With inf. ( poet.):
quid meruere boves, animal... natum tolerare labores,
Ov. M. 15, 120: sentes tantummodo laedere natae, id. de Nuce, 113.—
(δ).
With in and acc. ( poet.):
nati in usum laetitiae scyphi,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1; Ov. M. 14, 99; 15, 117.—
(ε).
With propter (rare):
apros, animal propter convivia natum,
Juv. 1, 141.—
b.
Formed or constituted by nature in any manner:
alius ager bene natus, alius male,
Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 1:
sarmenta male nata,
Col. 4, 24, 7:
ita natus locus est,
Liv. 9, 2:
inculti versūs et male nati,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 233.—
(β).
Pro re natā, or (ante- and post-class.) e re natā, under the present circumstances, according to the state of affairs, as matters are:
ut in his pro re natā non incommode possint esse,
Cic. Att. 7, 14, 3:
Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re natā non incommodum,
id. ib. 14, 6, 1;
7, 8, 2: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, quam factum est,
Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8; App. M. 4, p. 143, 38.—
c.
With a specification of time, so old, of the age of, etc.:
eques Romanus annos prope XC. natus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:
annos natus unum et viginti,
id. de Or. 3, 20, 74:
cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:
cum quinque et viginti natus annos dominatum occupavisset,
id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:
Cato annos quinque et octoginta natus excessit e vitā,
id. Brut. 20, 80; in inscr. ANNORVM NATVS, etc., Inscr. Mon. Scip. n. 7;
Inscr. Marini Atti, p. 564.— Sometimes, in order to specify the age more exactly, major or minor, without or with quam, is added: annos nata est sedecim non major,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 23:
minor quinque et viginti annis natus,
Nep. Han. 3, 2:
minor triginta annis natus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:
homo annos natus major quadraginta,
over forty years old, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 49:
Dionysius major annos sexaginta natus decessit,
Nep. Reg. 2, 3:
cum liberis majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,
Liv. 45, 32, 3:
minorem quam annos sex, majorem quam annos decem natam, negarunt capi fas esse,
Gell. 1, 12, 1.—For major, minor, sometimes with plus, minus (ante-class.):
plus triginta annis natus sim,
Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 1:
annos sexaginta natus es aut plus,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11; cf.:
non amplius novem annos natus,
Nep. Han. 2, 3.— Act. collat. form: nasco, ĕre, to be born, etc.:
ubi germen nascere coeperit,
Cato, R. R. 151 fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gnata
16 nascor

nascor, nātus, nasci (ante-class., and in poets of the class. period also gnatus, v. under P. a. B.; part. fut. nasciturus, Pall. Jun. 7, § 8; Vulg. Judic. 13, 8), 3, v. dep. [from gnascor, gnatus, root gen, whence gigno; cf. Gr. gennaô], to be born, to be begotten (of or by male or female).
I.
Lit.; constr. with ex or de and abl., or with abl. alone; rarely with ab and abl.
1.
With ex and abl. (esp. with name or other appellation of the mother):
cum ex utrāque (uxore) filius natus esset,
Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183:
cujus ex filiā natus est Sestius,
id. Fam. 13, 8, 1:
Servius Tullius ex serva Tarquiniensi natus,
id. Rep. 2, 21, 37:
ex hac feminā debuit nasci, qui, etc.,
Sen. ad Helv. 16, 6:
natam sibi ex Poppaeā filiam,
Tac. A. 15, 23 init.:
ex Thetide natus,
Quint. 3, 7, 11:
ex Urbiniā natus,
id. 7, 2, 5:
Alexandri filius natus ex Barsine,
Just. 13, 2, 7; cf.:
negantis (Domitii) quidquam ex se et Agrippinā nisi detestabile nasci potuisse,
Suet. Ner. 6:
quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf.:
convinces facile ex te esse natum, nam tui similis est probe,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 7:
ex militibus Romanis et Hispanis mulieribus natos se memorantes,
Liv. 43, 3, 2;
very rarely with a designation of the father, and only with pronouns: ex hoc Domitius nascitur,
Suet. Ner. 4 init.:
Neoptolemus ex quo nata est Olympias,
Just. 17, 3, 14:
ex quo nasci nepotes deceat,
Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 2:
illum ex me natum,
Val. Max. 5, 10 ext. 3; cf.:
quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me,
Juv. 9, 83.—
2.
With de and abl.:
de tigride natus,
Ov. M. 9, 612; cf.:
de stirpe dei nasci,
id. ib. 11, 312:
de pellice natus,
id. ib. 4, 422:
natus de muliere,
Vulg. Job, 14, 1; 15, 14. —
3.
With abl. (so usually with proper names;
and with general designations of parents, family, etc.): quos omnes Erebo et Nocte natos ferunt,
Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44:
Hercules Jove natus,
id. ib. 3, 16, 42:
Nilo natus,
id. ib. 3, 16, 42:
nascetur Oedipus Lao,
id. Fat. 13, 30:
patre Marte,
id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:
Paulo,
id. Off. 1, 33, 121:
privignus Poppaeā natus,
Suet. Ner. 55:
Ascanius Creusā matre natus,
Liv. 1, 3, 2: Junia, Vell. 2, 127, 4:
amplissimā familiā nati adulescentes,
Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 1:
honestis parentibus,
Quint. 1, 11, 85; Sen. Contr. 7, 21, 1:
Mela quibus Gallio et Seneca parentibus natus,
Tac. A. 16, 17:
deus deo natus,
Liv. 1, 16, 3:
imperioso patre,
id. 7, 4, 5; 9, 1, 12: Assaraco natus Capus, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):
patre certo nasci,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:
Apolline natus,
Ov. M. 15, 639: natus deā, son of a goddess, i. e. Achilles, id. M. 12, 86; so,
natus deā,
of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 582:
matre Musā natus,
Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45:
nascetur pulcrā Trojanus origine Caesar,
Verg. A. 1, 286.—
4.
With ab and abl.:
generari et nasci a principibus,
Tac. H. 1, 16:
et qui nascentur ab illo,
Verg. G. 1, 434.—
5.
In other constrr.:
post homines natos,
since men have lived, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 1:
post genus hominum natum,
id. Balb. 10, 26:
in miseriam nascimur,
id. Tusc. 1, 5, 9:
aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,
with the feet foremost, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:
ad homines nascendos vim hujus numeri (septenarii) pertinere,
to the formation of man in the womb, Gell. 3, 10, 7:
homo nascitur ad laborem,
i. e. it is his nature to suffer it, Vulg. Job, 5, 7.—
B.
Transf., to rise, take beginning, derive origin, spring forth, grow, be found: O fortunatam natam me consule Romam, Cic. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 24; and ap. Juv. 10, 122:
humi nascentia fraga,
Verg. E. 3, 92:
cum nata fuerint folia,
Vulg. Marc. 13, 28:
nascitur ibi plumbum album in mediterraneis regionibus,
is found, produced, Caes. B. G. 5, 12:
onyx nascitur circa Thebas Aegyptias,
Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 61:
ex palude nascitur amnis,
rises, id. 36, 26, 65, § 190:
nascere, praeque diem veniens age, Lucifer, almum,
rise, Verg. E. 8, 17:
unde nigerrimus Auster Nascitur,
id. G. 3, 278:
nascens luna,
Hor. C. 3, 23, 2; id. S. 2, 4, 30:
nascentia templa,
newly built, Mart. 6, 4, 3:
Circaeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum... ostrea,
Juv. 4, 140.— To rise, be formed (of a hill):
ab eo flumine collis nascebatur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:
nascitur altera moles,
Sil. 3, 530. —
II.
Trop.
A.
To arise, spring forth, proceed from, be produced:
scribes ad me, ut mihi nascatur epistulae argumentum,
Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 2:
nulla tam detestabilis pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur,
id. Off. 2, 5, 16:
fateor ea me studiose secutum ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:
facinus natum a cupiditate,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82; id. Font. 16, 37:
visus ei dicitur draco... dicere quo illa loci nasceretur,
id. Div. 2, 66, 135:
strumae nascuntur maxime in cervice,
Cels. 5, 28, 7; 7, 12, 1 fin.; 7, 6, 4 fin.:
onychem in Arabiae tantum montibus nasci putavere,
Plin. 36, 7, 12, § 59:
frumenta nata sunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63, § 147:
ex quo uno haec omnia nata et profecta esse concedit,
id. Quint. 28, 85; id. Agr 2, 33, 90:
profectio nata a timore defectionis,
Caes. B. G. 7, 43:
querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo,
Cat. 64, 198:
omnis obligatio vel ex contractu nascitur vel ex delicto,
Gai. Inst. 3, 88 sq. —With ut:
ex hoc nascitur ut,
hence it follows that, Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63; Sen. Ep. 74, 11.—
B.
Esp., of the spiritual renewal of a religious experience, to be regenerated, born again (eccl. Lat.):
quod natum est ex spiritu, spiritus est,
Vulg. Johan. 3, 6:
nasci denuo,
id. ib. 3, 7:
natus ex Deo,
id. 1 Johan. 3, 9, etc.—Hence, P. a.
A.
nascens, entis, arising, beginning, nascent, infant, immature:
ante Periclem et Thucydidem, qui non nascentibus Athenis, sed jam adultis fuerunt, littera nulla est, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 7, 27:
eloquentiam pueris induunt adhuc nascentibus,
Petr. 4:
(vitulus) vexat nascenti robora cornu,
Juv. 12, 9.—
2.
Subst.: nascentia, ĭum, n., organic bodies, esp. plants, Vitr. 5, 1, 3; 5, 8, 1.—
B.
nātus, a, um, P. a., born; hence,
1.
Subst.: nātus ( gnātus), i, m., a son; and nāta ( gnāta), ae, f. (dat. and abl. pl. natabus, where ambiguity is to be avoided, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P.; Inscr. Orell. 7421; Phocas, p. 1707 P.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 29), a daughter; in plur.: nati (gnati), children, offspring:
caritas, quae est inter natos et parentes,
Cic. Lael. 8, 27:
bellum prope inter parentes natosque,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 5, 40, 3:
cum pecore et gnatis,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 115:
et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,
Verg. A. 7, 518: mihi ausculta, nate, pueros jube cremarier, Enn. [p. 1188] ap. Non. 246, 11 (Trag. v. 329 Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 3, 43:
natam conlocare alicui,
Plaut. Aul. Arg. 1, 15: o gnata, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 46 Vahl.):
si quis gnatam pro mutā devovet agnā,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 219; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 199: Hectoris natum de muro jactarier, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll. (Trag. v. 130 Vahl.); so, Nerei natae, id. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P. (Trag. v. 135 Vahl.):
maxima natarum Priami,
Verg. A. 1, 654; Ov. M. 13, 661.—Esp. in the phrase natus nemo, not a human being, nobody (Plautine for nemo mortalis):
tamquam si natus nemo in aedibus habitet,
Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 55 Lorenz ad loc.; id. ib. 2, 2, 20:
nato nemini,
id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Ps. 1, 3, 63.—
2.
Adj.
a.
Natus alicui rei or ad aliquam rem, born, made, destined, designed, intended, produced by nature for any thing.
(α).
With dat. (class.):
me credo huic esse natum rei, ferundis miseriis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6:
non sibi se soli natum meminerit, sed patriae, sed suis,
Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:
natus huic imperio,
id. Cael. 24, 59:
gurges atque helluo natus abdomini suo, non laudi atque gloriae,
id. Pis. 17, 41:
Judaei et Syri, nationes natae servituti,
id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10. —
(β).
With ad (class.):
vir ad omnia summa natus,
Cic. Brut. 68, 239:
natus ad haec tempora,
id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:
ad dicendum natus aptusque,
id. de Or. 1, 22, 99:
ad haudem et ad decus nati, suscepti, instituti sumus,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 63:
ad hoc unum natus,
id. Or. 28, 99:
ut ad cursum equus, ad arandum bos, ad indagandum canis, sic homo ad intellegendum et agendum natus est,
id. Fin. 2, 13, 40:
natus ad sacra Cithaeron,
Ov. M. 2, 223:
canor mulcendas natus ad aures,
id. ib. 5, 561.—
(γ).
With inf. ( poet.):
quid meruere boves, animal... natum tolerare labores,
Ov. M. 15, 120: sentes tantummodo laedere natae, id. de Nuce, 113.—
(δ).
With in and acc. ( poet.):
nati in usum laetitiae scyphi,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1; Ov. M. 14, 99; 15, 117.—
(ε).
With propter (rare):
apros, animal propter convivia natum,
Juv. 1, 141.—
b.
Formed or constituted by nature in any manner:
alius ager bene natus, alius male,
Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 1:
sarmenta male nata,
Col. 4, 24, 7:
ita natus locus est,
Liv. 9, 2:
inculti versūs et male nati,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 233.—
(β).
Pro re natā, or (ante- and post-class.) e re natā, under the present circumstances, according to the state of affairs, as matters are:
ut in his pro re natā non incommode possint esse,
Cic. Att. 7, 14, 3:
Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re natā non incommodum,
id. ib. 14, 6, 1;
7, 8, 2: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, quam factum est,
Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8; App. M. 4, p. 143, 38.—
c.
With a specification of time, so old, of the age of, etc.:
eques Romanus annos prope XC. natus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:
annos natus unum et viginti,
id. de Or. 3, 20, 74:
cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:
cum quinque et viginti natus annos dominatum occupavisset,
id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:
Cato annos quinque et octoginta natus excessit e vitā,
id. Brut. 20, 80; in inscr. ANNORVM NATVS, etc., Inscr. Mon. Scip. n. 7;
Inscr. Marini Atti, p. 564.— Sometimes, in order to specify the age more exactly, major or minor, without or with quam, is added: annos nata est sedecim non major,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 23:
minor quinque et viginti annis natus,
Nep. Han. 3, 2:
minor triginta annis natus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:
homo annos natus major quadraginta,
over forty years old, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 49:
Dionysius major annos sexaginta natus decessit,
Nep. Reg. 2, 3:
cum liberis majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,
Liv. 45, 32, 3:
minorem quam annos sex, majorem quam annos decem natam, negarunt capi fas esse,
Gell. 1, 12, 1.—For major, minor, sometimes with plus, minus (ante-class.):
plus triginta annis natus sim,
Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 1:
annos sexaginta natus es aut plus,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11; cf.:
non amplius novem annos natus,
Nep. Han. 2, 3.— Act. collat. form: nasco, ĕre, to be born, etc.:
ubi germen nascere coeperit,
Cato, R. R. 151 fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nascor
17 locus

lŏcus, i, m.    - plur. loci, m.: lieux isolés, lieux particuliers; et loca, ōrum, n.: emplacements, pays, contrées (mais parfois aucune distinction entre ces deux pluriels.) [st1]1 [-] lieu, endroit, place, emplacement, siège.    - pronom + gén. de relation - quo loci (= quo loco)? Ter.: dans quel endroit?    - dicere ex superiore loco (de superiore loco): parler d’en haut, du haut d'une tribune (se dit des magistrats, des juges).    - ex aequo loco dicere: parler sur le pied d'égalité (se dit des sénateurs, des amis).    - ex inferiore loco dicere: parler d’en bas (se dit des avocats).    - fovere locum aquā, Cels.: bassiner un endroit (malade) avec de l'eau tiède.    - aperiendus locus, Cels.: il faut faire une incision.    - eodem loco quo: comme, à la même place que.    - locum dare alicui, Cic. CM. 63: faire place à qqn.    - locum dare alicui, Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3: céder le pas à qqn.    - ad locum venire, Cic. Off. 1, 33: venir sur les lieux. [st1]2 [-] place (au théâtre, au cirque...).    - loca assignata, Liv.: places réservées (au théâtre).    - communis locus, Plaut.: le commun séjour (des morts).    - communis locus, Inscr.: la tombe. [st1]3 [-] lieu d'habitation, logement, logement de fonction (attribué aux ambassadeurs à Rome).    - locum legatis praebere, Liv.: fournir un logement aux ambassadeurs.    - primus aedium locus, Nep.: la première pièce de la maison, le vestibule.    - communis locus, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46: bâtiment public. [st1]4 [-] portion (d'une terre, d'une propriété).    - Dig. 50, 16, 60. [st1]5 [-] lieu, localité, ville, contrée, région, pays.    - locus Pherae, Plin.: la ville de Phères.    - loci fertilitas, Caes.: la fertilité du pays. [st1]6 [-] terrain, poste, position, situation (t. milit.).    - loco cedere: lâcher pied, abandonner la position.    - locus iniquus (alienus): terrain défavorable.    - loco dejicere, loco movere: chasser, déloger.    - locus superior: terrain qui domine, terrain avantageux.    - locus aequus: terrain favorable.    - suus locus: position avantageuse, terrain avantageux. [st1]7 [-] poste, fonction, rôle.    - obtinere locum legati: obtenir le poste de légat.    - parentis loco esse: tenir lieu de père. [st1]8 [-] au plur. loci ou loca: parties sexuelles; matrice, utérus.    - Cic. Nat. 2, 128.    - cf. gr. τόποι. [st1]9 [-] place, lieu, moment, époque, temps, occasion, opportunité, situation, état, condition.    - in hoc genere quid habet ars loci? Cic.: dans ce genre quelle place y a-t-il pour l'art?    - dare locum suspicioni, Cic.: donner prise au soupçon.    - maledicto nihil loci est, Cic. Mur. 5, 12: il n'y a pas de place pour le blâme.    - furandi locus qui potest esse? Cic.: quelle place peut-il y avoir pour le vol?    - alicui... existimandi non nihil loci dare, Cic.: donner à qqn quelque occasion de penser.    - alicui rei locum non relinquere, Cic.: ne pas laisser à qqch l'occasion de se produire.    - nec vero hic locus est, ut... loquamur, Cic.: et ce n'est pas l'endroit de parler...    - in te locus mendacio non est, Curt.: il ne t’est pas possible de mentir.    - loco ou in loco: à propos, au bon moment, en temps et lieu, à l'occasion, par moments.    - qui de quo consulitur suo loco dicit sententiam, Liv. 28: (consul) qui donne son avis, quand vient son tour, sur la question débattue.    - dulce est desipere in loco, Hor. C. 4, 12, 28: il est doux d'extravaguer à l'occasion.    - loco dicere, Cic. Leg. 3: parler à son tour.    - priore loco dicere: parler le premier.    - posteriore loco dicere: parler le second.    - loco sententiae, Tac. An. 2: son tour de parole venu.    - praetorio loco dicere sententiam, Cic. Att. 12: prendre la parole à son rang de préteur.    - loco versus Accianos posuisti, Cic. Fam. 9: tu as cité à leur place les vers d'Accius.    - epistolae non loco redditae, Cic. Fam. 11: lettres remises mal à propos.    - si ego in istoc siem loco, dem potius aurum, quam sinam, Plaut.: si j'étais à ta place, je donnerais l'argent plutôt que de laisser...    - nancisci locum + gérondif: trouver l'occasion de.    - loco (in loco) + gén. (= pro): au lieu de, à la place de, pour, comme.    - in uxoris loco, Ter.: comme une épouse.    - in contumeliae loco ponere: prendre pour un affront.    - criminis loco putant esse, quod vivam, Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 6: il y en a qui me font un crime de vivre.    - hostium loco esse, Liv. 2, 4, 7: être considérés comme des ennemis.    - te mihi fratris loco esse duco, Cic.: je te considère comme mon frère.    - ad id locorum (adhuc locorum): jusqu’à présent, jusqu’alors.    - post id locorum (postea loci): après cela, ensuite.    - ubi loci... ? Plaut.: où... ? [st1]10 [-] condition sociale, famille, naissance, rang, classe.    - summus locus civitatis, Cic.: le plus haut rang dans la cité.    - locum apud aliquem obtinere, Cic.: tenir un rang auprès de qqn.    - locum quemdam tenere: tenir une certaine place, un certain rang.    - apud eum quem habet locum fortitudo? Cic.: à ses yeux quelle place tient le courage?    - equestri loco natus: issu de la classe des chevaliers.    - infimo loco natus: de très basse extraction.    - humili loco natus erat: il était d'une humble origine.    - loco movit signiferos, Caes.: il destitua les porte-enseigne.    - voluptatem nullo loco numerare, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 90: ne faire aucun compte de la volupté. [st1]11 [-] passage, endroit, partie (d'un livre).    - aliquot locis significavit, Cic.: il a indiqué dans quelques passages.    - Quint. 1, 1, 36; 1, 4, 4; 5, 13, 42; 6, 3, 36; Tac. Or. 22; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 223; Amm. 29, 2, 8. [st1]12 [-] sujet, question, point, matière, thème.    - alter erat locus cautionis ne... Cic.: le second point sur lequel il fallait diriger son attention, c'était de ne pas...    - omnes philosophiae loci, Cic.: toutes les parties de la philosophie. [st1]13 [-] au plur. loci: lieux communs (t. de rhét.).    - locos nosse, Cic.: connaître les lieux communs.
* * *
lŏcus, i, m.    - plur. loci, m.: lieux isolés, lieux particuliers; et loca, ōrum, n.: emplacements, pays, contrées (mais parfois aucune distinction entre ces deux pluriels.) [st1]1 [-] lieu, endroit, place, emplacement, siège.    - pronom + gén. de relation - quo loci (= quo loco)? Ter.: dans quel endroit?    - dicere ex superiore loco (de superiore loco): parler d’en haut, du haut d'une tribune (se dit des magistrats, des juges).    - ex aequo loco dicere: parler sur le pied d'égalité (se dit des sénateurs, des amis).    - ex inferiore loco dicere: parler d’en bas (se dit des avocats).    - fovere locum aquā, Cels.: bassiner un endroit (malade) avec de l'eau tiède.    - aperiendus locus, Cels.: il faut faire une incision.    - eodem loco quo: comme, à la même place que.    - locum dare alicui, Cic. CM. 63: faire place à qqn.    - locum dare alicui, Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3: céder le pas à qqn.    - ad locum venire, Cic. Off. 1, 33: venir sur les lieux. [st1]2 [-] place (au théâtre, au cirque...).    - loca assignata, Liv.: places réservées (au théâtre).    - communis locus, Plaut.: le commun séjour (des morts).    - communis locus, Inscr.: la tombe. [st1]3 [-] lieu d'habitation, logement, logement de fonction (attribué aux ambassadeurs à Rome).    - locum legatis praebere, Liv.: fournir un logement aux ambassadeurs.    - primus aedium locus, Nep.: la première pièce de la maison, le vestibule.    - communis locus, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46: bâtiment public. [st1]4 [-] portion (d'une terre, d'une propriété).    - Dig. 50, 16, 60. [st1]5 [-] lieu, localité, ville, contrée, région, pays.    - locus Pherae, Plin.: la ville de Phères.    - loci fertilitas, Caes.: la fertilité du pays. [st1]6 [-] terrain, poste, position, situation (t. milit.).    - loco cedere: lâcher pied, abandonner la position.    - locus iniquus (alienus): terrain défavorable.    - loco dejicere, loco movere: chasser, déloger.    - locus superior: terrain qui domine, terrain avantageux.    - locus aequus: terrain favorable.    - suus locus: position avantageuse, terrain avantageux. [st1]7 [-] poste, fonction, rôle.    - obtinere locum legati: obtenir le poste de légat.    - parentis loco esse: tenir lieu de père. [st1]8 [-] au plur. loci ou loca: parties sexuelles; matrice, utérus.    - Cic. Nat. 2, 128.    - cf. gr. τόποι. [st1]9 [-] place, lieu, moment, époque, temps, occasion, opportunité, situation, état, condition.    - in hoc genere quid habet ars loci? Cic.: dans ce genre quelle place y a-t-il pour l'art?    - dare locum suspicioni, Cic.: donner prise au soupçon.    - maledicto nihil loci est, Cic. Mur. 5, 12: il n'y a pas de place pour le blâme.    - furandi locus qui potest esse? Cic.: quelle place peut-il y avoir pour le vol?    - alicui... existimandi non nihil loci dare, Cic.: donner à qqn quelque occasion de penser.    - alicui rei locum non relinquere, Cic.: ne pas laisser à qqch l'occasion de se produire.    - nec vero hic locus est, ut... loquamur, Cic.: et ce n'est pas l'endroit de parler...    - in te locus mendacio non est, Curt.: il ne t’est pas possible de mentir.    - loco ou in loco: à propos, au bon moment, en temps et lieu, à l'occasion, par moments.    - qui de quo consulitur suo loco dicit sententiam, Liv. 28: (consul) qui donne son avis, quand vient son tour, sur la question débattue.    - dulce est desipere in loco, Hor. C. 4, 12, 28: il est doux d'extravaguer à l'occasion.    - loco dicere, Cic. Leg. 3: parler à son tour.    - priore loco dicere: parler le premier.    - posteriore loco dicere: parler le second.    - loco sententiae, Tac. An. 2: son tour de parole venu.    - praetorio loco dicere sententiam, Cic. Att. 12: prendre la parole à son rang de préteur.    - loco versus Accianos posuisti, Cic. Fam. 9: tu as cité à leur place les vers d'Accius.    - epistolae non loco redditae, Cic. Fam. 11: lettres remises mal à propos.    - si ego in istoc siem loco, dem potius aurum, quam sinam, Plaut.: si j'étais à ta place, je donnerais l'argent plutôt que de laisser...    - nancisci locum + gérondif: trouver l'occasion de.    - loco (in loco) + gén. (= pro): au lieu de, à la place de, pour, comme.    - in uxoris loco, Ter.: comme une épouse.    - in contumeliae loco ponere: prendre pour un affront.    - criminis loco putant esse, quod vivam, Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 6: il y en a qui me font un crime de vivre.    - hostium loco esse, Liv. 2, 4, 7: être considérés comme des ennemis.    - te mihi fratris loco esse duco, Cic.: je te considère comme mon frère.    - ad id locorum (adhuc locorum): jusqu’à présent, jusqu’alors.    - post id locorum (postea loci): après cela, ensuite.    - ubi loci... ? Plaut.: où... ? [st1]10 [-] condition sociale, famille, naissance, rang, classe.    - summus locus civitatis, Cic.: le plus haut rang dans la cité.    - locum apud aliquem obtinere, Cic.: tenir un rang auprès de qqn.    - locum quemdam tenere: tenir une certaine place, un certain rang.    - apud eum quem habet locum fortitudo? Cic.: à ses yeux quelle place tient le courage?    - equestri loco natus: issu de la classe des chevaliers.    - infimo loco natus: de très basse extraction.    - humili loco natus erat: il était d'une humble origine.    - loco movit signiferos, Caes.: il destitua les porte-enseigne.    - voluptatem nullo loco numerare, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 90: ne faire aucun compte de la volupté. [st1]11 [-] passage, endroit, partie (d'un livre).    - aliquot locis significavit, Cic.: il a indiqué dans quelques passages.    - Quint. 1, 1, 36; 1, 4, 4; 5, 13, 42; 6, 3, 36; Tac. Or. 22; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 223; Amm. 29, 2, 8. [st1]12 [-] sujet, question, point, matière, thème.    - alter erat locus cautionis ne... Cic.: le second point sur lequel il fallait diriger son attention, c'était de ne pas...    - omnes philosophiae loci, Cic.: toutes les parties de la philosophie. [st1]13 [-] au plur. loci: lieux communs (t. de rhét.).    - locos nosse, Cic.: connaître les lieux communs.
* * *

    Locus, loci, mascul. gen. Pluraliter hi loci, vel haec loca, locorum, in diuersa significatione. Varro. Lieu.

\

    In vnum locum conuenire. Cic. En un lieu.

\

    Alienus loci. Ouid. Qui n'est point du lieu, Estrangier.

\

    Positus locorum. Stat. La situation des lieux.

\

    Ex loco inferiore agere. Cic. Parler estant en lieu bas à un juge qui est en hault.

\

    Ex aequo loco agere. Cic. Parler quand on est aussi hault l'un que l'autre, Pareil priveement, Pareil à pareil, Teste à teste.

\

    Ex superiore loco agere. Cic. Quand un Magistrat parle de son siege à ceulx qui sont en bas.

\

    De loco superiore loqui. Bud. Parler en maistre, en cadet, en seigneur, Parler à cheval, Parler d'authorité.

\

    Priore loco causam dicere. Cic. Plaidoyer le premier.

\

    Nullo loco deesse. Cicero. Ne defaillir en rien qui soit, Aider par tout.

\

    Facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio meorum temporum, etc. Cic. En oultre, Puis apres.

\

    In eum locum res rediit. Plaut. En tel estat.

\

    Peiore res loco non potest esse, quam in quo nunc sita est. Terent. En pire estat.

\

    Nostrae res meliore loco videbantur. Cic. En meilleur estat.

\

    Eodem loco stare. Liu. Demeurer en mesme estat.

\

    Res in eum locum venerat: vt nisi, etc. Cic. Estoit venue en tel estat, En telle necessité.

\

    Tota res quo locu sit, velim ad me scribas. Cic. Comment tout l'affaire se porte, Comment l'affaire va.

\

    Recte collocata res, et iudicio populi digno in loco posita esse videtur. Cic. Baillee à celuy à qui il appartient, et qui en est digne.

\

    Mihi videbar nosse locum quem apud te is teneret. Cic. Il me sembloit à veoir que je congnoissoye en quelle estime il estoit envers toy, Combien grand compte tu faisois de luy.

\

    Summus locus. Iuuenal. Grande authorité et dignité.

\

    Qui in mea salute principem semper locum, authoritatemque tenuistis. Cic. Qui avez tousjours esté des principaulx à me garder et defendre.

\

    Dare et cedere locum. Cic. Donner lieu, Faire place, Ceder.

\

    Dare locum alicui oratori. Cic. Le recevoir, Luy donner audience.

\

    Tenere locum oratorum. Cic. Tenir la place des orateurs, Estre estimé vray orateur.

\

    Mouere aliquem loco, Vide MOVEO. Ne luy garder pas son rang.

\

    Esse eodem loco apud patronum quo alius. Cic. Estre en pareille estime et reputation ou credit.

\

    Eodem loco habere. Caesar. Priser et estimer autant, ou autant aimer.

\

    Ipsi in hostium numero, locoque ducemini. Cic. Vous serez estimez ennemis.

\

    Ponere aliquid loco, vel in loco maledicti et contumeliae. Cic. Dire quelque chose par reproche, Reprocher quelque chose en lieu d'oultrage.

\

    Habere aliquem loco vetustissimorum familiarium. Pollio Ciceroni. Estimer autant que ses, etc.

\

    Eo loco habet honestatem, vt sine ea, etc. Cic. Il estime tant honnesteté que, etc.

\

    Qui voluptatem nullo loco numerat. Cicero. Qui n'estime rien volupté.

\

    Fratris loco eum diligo. Terent. Comme mon frere, autant que s'il estoit mon frere.

\

    Qui sibi parentis esset loco. Liu. Lequel il tenoit pour pere, et l'aimoit autant que son pere.

\

    Fratris enim loco mihi est. Lentulus Ciceroni. Je l'aime comme mon frere.

\

    In beneficii loco alteri deferre aliquid. Cic. Luy bailler quelque chose en pensant luy faire plaisir.

\

    Nisi in eorum locum pietas et fortitudo et honesti praesens imago successerit. Quintil. En leur lieu.

\

    Reponere in loco aliquo. Cic. Estimer aucunement.

\

    In poetis, non Homero soli locus est, sed et Sophocli. Cic. En comptant le nombre des poetes on n'y met pas seulement Homere, Il n'y a pas seulement place pour Homere, mais etc.

\

    - si ego in istoc siem loco, Dem potius aurum, quam illum corrumpi sinam. Plaut. Si j'estoye en la place de cestuy ci, Si c'estoit à moy à faire.

\

    Loco aliquid quaerere. Cic. En temps et lieu, Opportunement.

\

    Loco dicere. Cic. En lieu.

\

    - in loco Ego vero laudo. Terent. Pourveu que la chose soit faicte bien à poinct, ou Par fois.

\

    Locum dare aliquid faciendi. Terent. Temps et lieu.

\

    Veritas locum vbi consistat, reperire non poterit. Cic. Ne sera receue de personne.

\

    Si in mea familiaritate locus esset nemini, nisi litigioso aut nocenti. Cic. Si je ne recevoye en ma familiarité, Si je n'avoye nuls autres amis, sinon gents noiseux et malfaisants.

\

    Est enim in arte tanta, tamque varia, etiam huic minutae subtilitati locus. Cic. Peult aussi estre en cest art.

\

    Maledicto idcirco nihil in hisce rebus loci est, quod omnia laus occupauit. Cic. Parquoy en ces choses icy on ne peult rien mesdire de luy, car il n'a fait rien qui ne soit digne de louange.

\

    Erit profecto inter horum laudes aliquid loci nostrae gloriae. Cic. Certainement nous serons louez aussi bien que ceulx ci.

\

    Locus ignoscendi apud hominem constantem. Cic. Un homme constant pardonne bien aucunesfois.

\

    Quod ni ita se haberet, nec iustitiae vllus esset, nec bonitati locus. Cic. Justice ne bonté n'auroit aucun lieu entre les hommes, On ne tiendroit compte de justice ne de bonté.

\

    Vita turpis ne morti quidem honestae locum relinquit. Cic. Il est impossible que la mort soit honorable de celuy qui aura meschamment vescu.

\

    Libidine dominante, temperantiae locus non est. Cic. Temperance n'ha lieu où, etc. Il n'y a point de temperance où, etc.

\

    Dare locum rationi. Cic. Ceder et obeir à raison.

\

    Nihil loci segnitiae. Terent. Il n'est plus temps d'estre negligent.

\

    Locus preci non est relictus. Terent. Les prieres n'auront lieu envers luy, Il ne se aura point par prieres.

\

    Locus disserendi. Cic. Temps et lieu.

\

    Non erit locus faciendae medicinae. Cic. Il ne sera pas temps, etc.

\

    Si bellum cum eo hoste haberemus, in quo negligentiae aut errori locus esset. Liu. Qui fust negligent.

\

    Respirandi non est locus. Cic. Je n'ay pas loisir de respirer.

\

    Nullum habeo instituendi aut docendi locum. Cic. Je n'ay nul loisir.

\

    Quis relictus est obiurgandi locus? Terent. Quelle occasion auray je de le reprendre?

\

    In tam suspiciosa ac maledica ciuitate locum sermoni obtrectatorum non reliquit. Cic. Il ne leur laissa aucune occasion.

\

    Natus haud obscuro loco. Sallust. De parenté bien renommee.

\

    Loco summo natus. Liu. De grande, ou haulte lignee.

\

    - eum hic locum sumpsit sibi In Adelphos. Terent. Ce passage.

\

    Sunt a nobis alio loco disputata. Cic. En un autre lieu et passage, ou endroict.

\

    Loci, pluraliter tantum. Plin. L'amarri ou matrice d'une femme où l'enfant se tient en son ventre.

Dictionarium latinogallicum > locus
18 Geburtsmonat

Geburtsmonat, jmds., mensis, quo alqs genitus est. – Geburtsort,- stadt, locus, in quo alqs natus od. genitus est. – solum, in quo alqs ortus et procreatus est. – locus incunabulorum (Wiegenort). – incunabula,n. pl. (gleichs. die Wiege der Kindheit = der früheste Aufenthalt, Wohnort). – patria, in qua alqs natus est. urbs patria u. bl. patria (Vaterstadt). – Athen, mein G., Athenae, unde nos sumus: sein G. ist Athen, natus est Athenis. – Geburtsstunde, hora, quā alqs gignitur (genitus est etc.); prima nascendi hora. – Geburtstag, dies natalis, auch bl natalis (im allg.). – dies, quo alqs nascitur od. gignitur (Tag, an dem jmd. geboren wird) – dies, quo alqs natus od. genitus est (Tag, an dem jmd. geboren ist). – miein G., natalis meus od. noster; auch bl. dies meus (z.B. diem meum scis esse III. Nonlan.): den G. feiern, diem natalem agere od. festum habere: jmds. G. feierlich begehen, diem alcis natalem od. bl. alcis natalem celebrare: jmds. G. nicht feiern, alcis natalem silentio transigere. – Geburtstagsgeschenk, munus natalicium. – u. bl. natalicium. – Geburtstagskind, is (ea), cuius natalis dies celebratur. – Geburtstagsschmaus, natalicia, ae,f. (sc.cena). – einen G. geben, natalician, dare, jmdm., alci; u. cenam dare celebrandi diei natalis causā.

deutsch-lateinisches > Geburtsmonat
19 genus

   - Lebaigue P. 542 et P. 543. [st1]1 [-] gĕnŭs, ĕris, n. [geno]:    - [gr]gr. γένος. a - origine, extraction, naissance.    - genus patricium, plebeium, Liv. 6, 34, 11 ; 4, 9, 4: origine patricienne, plébéienne.    - genere et nobilitate et pecunia facile primus, Cic. Amer. 15: le premier aisément par sa naissance, sa noblesse, sa fortune.    - genus paternum, Cic. Rep. 1, 30: souche paternelle.    - genus ducere ab aliquo, Plin. Ep. 9, 22, 1: tirer son origine de qqn, descendre de qqn.    - propter divitias aut genus rempublicam tenere, Cic. Rep. 3, 23: tenir le gouvernement par ses richesses ou sa naissance.    - [en parl. des animaux] Ov. F. 6, 132. b - race, espèce de peuple, nation.    - genus Romanum, Cic. Phil. 4, 13, etc.: la race romaine, le Romain. --- cf. Caes. BG. 4, 3, 3; 7, 22, 1; 7, 42, 2.    - genus Graecorum, Cic. Fl. 9: la race grecque, le Grec. --- cf. Liv. 27, 32, 4 ; 31, 35, 1, etc. c - famille, maison.    - nobili genere natus, Cic. Verr. 5, 180: né de famille noble.    - natus malo genere, Cic. de Or. 2, 286: né de méchante famille [basse].    - genus ejusdem nominis, Cic. Br. 62: famille de même nom.    - genera falsa, Cic. Br. 62: fausses généalogies. d - [poét.] rejeton, descendant.    - Virg. En. 4, 12; Hor. O. 1, 3, 27 ; Catul. 61, 2 ; Ov. M. 4, 609, etc. e - race, espèce, genre.    - genus humanum, Cic. Lael. 20: le genre humain.    - genus omne animantum, Lucr. 1, 4, ou omne genus, Lucr. 1, 160: toute espèce vivante.    - bestiarum genus, Cic. Inv. 1, 35: le genre animal. g - espèce d'hommes ou d'animaux, genre, classe, catégorie.    - unum genus est adversum nobis eorum, quos... Cic. Mil. 3: nous avons une seule catégorie d'adversaires, ce sont ceux que...    - omnis generis homines, Cic. Dom. 75: des hommes de tout genre. --- cf. Liv. 21, 12, 8, etc.    - cujusque generis beluae, Cic. Rep. 3, 14: des bêtes de tout genre. --- cf. Caes. BG. 5, 12, 5; BC. 1, 51, 2.    - genus aliud tyrannorum, Cic. Rep. 1, 68: une autre espèce de tyrans.    - militare genus, Liv. 24, 32, 2: les soldats, l'armée.    - genus squamigerum, Lucr. 1, 162: l'espèce (la gent) porte-écaille.    - genus irritabile vatum, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 102: la gent susceptible des poètes.    - aves omne genus, Varr. R. 3, 5, 11: des oiseaux de tout genre.    - conventus is, qui ex variis generibus constaret, Caes. BC. 2, 36, 1: une colonie romaine caractérisée par une variété d'éléments constitutifs. h - genre féminin, masculin.    - hominum genus virile, muliebre, Cic. Inv. 1, 35.    - in nominibus tria genera, Quint. 1, 4, 23: il y a trois genres pour les noms. --- Quint. 1, 5, 16, etc. ii - [noms de choses] genre, espèce.    - cum omni genere commeatus, Liv. 30, 36, 2: avec toute espèce d'approvisionnements.    - multitudo omnis generis telorum, Caes. BG. 7, 41, 3: une foule de traits de tout genre.    - tormenta cujusque generis, Caes. BC. 3, 63, 6: machines de guerre de toute espèce.    - machinae omnium generum, Sall. J. 21, 3: des machines de toute espèce.    - avec acc. adverbial omne genus simulacra, Lucr. 4, 735: des simulacres de toute sorte. --- cf. Cato, Agr. 8, 2 ; Varr. R. 1, 29, 1.    - hoc genus in rebus, Lucr. 6, 917: dans des phénomènes de ce genre. --- cf. Varr. R. 2, 1, 23.    - orationes aut aliquid id genus scribere, Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3: écrire des discours ou qqch de ce genre.    - proemisso equitatu et essedariis, quo genere uti consuerunt, Caes. BG. 4, 24, 1: ayant envoyé en avant la cavalerie et les essédaires, espèce de choses (de troupes) dont ils se servent à l'ordinaire.    - in hoc genere, Cic. Off. 1, 26: dans ce genre de choses, en ces sortes de choses. --- cf. Verr. 4, 97 ; 4, 129.    - de hoc genere, Cic. Off. 2, 60: au sujet de cette question.    - [à noter] amicitia est ex eo genere, quae prosunt, Cic. Fin. 3, 70: l'amitié est du genre des choses qui sont utiles. k - [noms abstraits] genre, sorte, espèce.    - simplex rei publicae genus, Cic. Rep. 2, 43: forme de gouvernement simple.    - conjunctum civitatis genus, Cic. Rep. 3, 23: forme de gouvernement mixte.    - hoc triplex rerum publicarum genus, Cic. Rep. 2, 42: ce mélange des trois formes de gouvernement.    - istud ipsum genus orationis exspecto, Cic. Rep. 1, 38: c'est précisément le genre d'exposé dont tu parles que j'attends de toi.    - genera furandi, Cic. Verr. 2, 18: espèces de vol.    - genus orationis, genus dicendi, Cic. Or. 42 ; 20, etc.: genre de style.    - quod genus ab hoc, quod proposuimus, abhorret, Cic. Br. 31: or cet ordre d'idées, ce sujet s'éloigne de celui que nous nous sommes proposé.    - haec et alia generis ejusdem, Cic. Nat. 3, 62: ces fables et d'autres du même genre.    - tota ratio talium largitionum genere vitiosa est, Cic. Off. 2, 60: ce système de largesses est en soi (dans son genre) totalement mauvais.    - quae genere, non numero cernuntur, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22: choses qui se jugent par la qualité, non par la quantité.    - [acc. adv.] aliquid id genus, Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3: qqch de ce genre.    - quod genus pecunia est, Cic. Inv. 2, 157: et l'argent est de ce genre.    - [d'où] quod genus = quo modo: par exemple, ainsi. --- cf. Cic. Inv. 2, 165 ; 2, 172, etc.; Lucr. 3, 276; 6, 1058.    - aliqua nota et communia officia, quod genus in parentes, amicos, affines, Cic. Inv. 2, 11: des traits de caractère et des bons offices fréquents, par exemple envers les parents, les amis, les alliés. m - [t. de droit] espèce, cas particulier, ordre de faits.    - genus ipsum cognoscite, Cic. Verr. 4, 1: prenez connaissance de la nature même des faits (de l'espèce même du débat). --- cf. Verr. 4. 8 ; 115.    - [d'où] in isto genere, Cic. Fam 3. 7, 4: en pareil cas.    - in omni genere, Cic. Rep. 2, 35: dans tous les ordres de faits, en tout, sous tous les rapports. --- cf. Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2 ; 12, 33, 2, etc. n - [philos.] le genre.    - pars subjecta generi, Cic. de Or. 2, 167: l'espèce. --- cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 32 ; Top. 31, etc.    - genus et species cujusque rei, Cic. Or. 16: le genre et l'espèce de chaque chose. [st1]2 [-] gĕnŭs, ūs, m.: c. genu.
* * *
   - Lebaigue P. 542 et P. 543. [st1]1 [-] gĕnŭs, ĕris, n. [geno]:    - [gr]gr. γένος. a - origine, extraction, naissance.    - genus patricium, plebeium, Liv. 6, 34, 11 ; 4, 9, 4: origine patricienne, plébéienne.    - genere et nobilitate et pecunia facile primus, Cic. Amer. 15: le premier aisément par sa naissance, sa noblesse, sa fortune.    - genus paternum, Cic. Rep. 1, 30: souche paternelle.    - genus ducere ab aliquo, Plin. Ep. 9, 22, 1: tirer son origine de qqn, descendre de qqn.    - propter divitias aut genus rempublicam tenere, Cic. Rep. 3, 23: tenir le gouvernement par ses richesses ou sa naissance.    - [en parl. des animaux] Ov. F. 6, 132. b - race, espèce de peuple, nation.    - genus Romanum, Cic. Phil. 4, 13, etc.: la race romaine, le Romain. --- cf. Caes. BG. 4, 3, 3; 7, 22, 1; 7, 42, 2.    - genus Graecorum, Cic. Fl. 9: la race grecque, le Grec. --- cf. Liv. 27, 32, 4 ; 31, 35, 1, etc. c - famille, maison.    - nobili genere natus, Cic. Verr. 5, 180: né de famille noble.    - natus malo genere, Cic. de Or. 2, 286: né de méchante famille [basse].    - genus ejusdem nominis, Cic. Br. 62: famille de même nom.    - genera falsa, Cic. Br. 62: fausses généalogies. d - [poét.] rejeton, descendant.    - Virg. En. 4, 12; Hor. O. 1, 3, 27 ; Catul. 61, 2 ; Ov. M. 4, 609, etc. e - race, espèce, genre.    - genus humanum, Cic. Lael. 20: le genre humain.    - genus omne animantum, Lucr. 1, 4, ou omne genus, Lucr. 1, 160: toute espèce vivante.    - bestiarum genus, Cic. Inv. 1, 35: le genre animal. g - espèce d'hommes ou d'animaux, genre, classe, catégorie.    - unum genus est adversum nobis eorum, quos... Cic. Mil. 3: nous avons une seule catégorie d'adversaires, ce sont ceux que...    - omnis generis homines, Cic. Dom. 75: des hommes de tout genre. --- cf. Liv. 21, 12, 8, etc.    - cujusque generis beluae, Cic. Rep. 3, 14: des bêtes de tout genre. --- cf. Caes. BG. 5, 12, 5; BC. 1, 51, 2.    - genus aliud tyrannorum, Cic. Rep. 1, 68: une autre espèce de tyrans.    - militare genus, Liv. 24, 32, 2: les soldats, l'armée.    - genus squamigerum, Lucr. 1, 162: l'espèce (la gent) porte-écaille.    - genus irritabile vatum, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 102: la gent susceptible des poètes.    - aves omne genus, Varr. R. 3, 5, 11: des oiseaux de tout genre.    - conventus is, qui ex variis generibus constaret, Caes. BC. 2, 36, 1: une colonie romaine caractérisée par une variété d'éléments constitutifs. h - genre féminin, masculin.    - hominum genus virile, muliebre, Cic. Inv. 1, 35.    - in nominibus tria genera, Quint. 1, 4, 23: il y a trois genres pour les noms. --- Quint. 1, 5, 16, etc. ii - [noms de choses] genre, espèce.    - cum omni genere commeatus, Liv. 30, 36, 2: avec toute espèce d'approvisionnements.    - multitudo omnis generis telorum, Caes. BG. 7, 41, 3: une foule de traits de tout genre.    - tormenta cujusque generis, Caes. BC. 3, 63, 6: machines de guerre de toute espèce.    - machinae omnium generum, Sall. J. 21, 3: des machines de toute espèce.    - avec acc. adverbial omne genus simulacra, Lucr. 4, 735: des simulacres de toute sorte. --- cf. Cato, Agr. 8, 2 ; Varr. R. 1, 29, 1.    - hoc genus in rebus, Lucr. 6, 917: dans des phénomènes de ce genre. --- cf. Varr. R. 2, 1, 23.    - orationes aut aliquid id genus scribere, Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3: écrire des discours ou qqch de ce genre.    - proemisso equitatu et essedariis, quo genere uti consuerunt, Caes. BG. 4, 24, 1: ayant envoyé en avant la cavalerie et les essédaires, espèce de choses (de troupes) dont ils se servent à l'ordinaire.    - in hoc genere, Cic. Off. 1, 26: dans ce genre de choses, en ces sortes de choses. --- cf. Verr. 4, 97 ; 4, 129.    - de hoc genere, Cic. Off. 2, 60: au sujet de cette question.    - [à noter] amicitia est ex eo genere, quae prosunt, Cic. Fin. 3, 70: l'amitié est du genre des choses qui sont utiles. k - [noms abstraits] genre, sorte, espèce.    - simplex rei publicae genus, Cic. Rep. 2, 43: forme de gouvernement simple.    - conjunctum civitatis genus, Cic. Rep. 3, 23: forme de gouvernement mixte.    - hoc triplex rerum publicarum genus, Cic. Rep. 2, 42: ce mélange des trois formes de gouvernement.    - istud ipsum genus orationis exspecto, Cic. Rep. 1, 38: c'est précisément le genre d'exposé dont tu parles que j'attends de toi.    - genera furandi, Cic. Verr. 2, 18: espèces de vol.    - genus orationis, genus dicendi, Cic. Or. 42 ; 20, etc.: genre de style.    - quod genus ab hoc, quod proposuimus, abhorret, Cic. Br. 31: or cet ordre d'idées, ce sujet s'éloigne de celui que nous nous sommes proposé.    - haec et alia generis ejusdem, Cic. Nat. 3, 62: ces fables et d'autres du même genre.    - tota ratio talium largitionum genere vitiosa est, Cic. Off. 2, 60: ce système de largesses est en soi (dans son genre) totalement mauvais.    - quae genere, non numero cernuntur, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22: choses qui se jugent par la qualité, non par la quantité.    - [acc. adv.] aliquid id genus, Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3: qqch de ce genre.    - quod genus pecunia est, Cic. Inv. 2, 157: et l'argent est de ce genre.    - [d'où] quod genus = quo modo: par exemple, ainsi. --- cf. Cic. Inv. 2, 165 ; 2, 172, etc.; Lucr. 3, 276; 6, 1058.    - aliqua nota et communia officia, quod genus in parentes, amicos, affines, Cic. Inv. 2, 11: des traits de caractère et des bons offices fréquents, par exemple envers les parents, les amis, les alliés. m - [t. de droit] espèce, cas particulier, ordre de faits.    - genus ipsum cognoscite, Cic. Verr. 4, 1: prenez connaissance de la nature même des faits (de l'espèce même du débat). --- cf. Verr. 4. 8 ; 115.    - [d'où] in isto genere, Cic. Fam 3. 7, 4: en pareil cas.    - in omni genere, Cic. Rep. 2, 35: dans tous les ordres de faits, en tout, sous tous les rapports. --- cf. Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2 ; 12, 33, 2, etc. n - [philos.] le genre.    - pars subjecta generi, Cic. de Or. 2, 167: l'espèce. --- cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 32 ; Top. 31, etc.    - genus et species cujusque rei, Cic. Or. 16: le genre et l'espèce de chaque chose. [st1]2 [-] gĕnŭs, ūs, m.: c. genu.
* * *

    Genus, generis, pen. corr. n. g. L'estoc et la source d'une lignee, où toute la lignee rapporte son commencement: C'est aussi Race, Lignee, Parenté, Engence.

\

    Antiquum genus. Virgil. Ancienne race.

\

    Humilius. Quintil. Race de bas estat et condition.

\

    Ducere genus ab aliquo. Virg. Descendre de la lignee d'aucun.

\

    Genere indignum facere. Plaut. Faire deshonneur à la race dont on est venu.

\

    Genere paterno ab Hercule oriundus. Plin. iunior. Du costé de son pere.

\

    Genere summo prognatus. Plaut. De grand lignage.

\

    Genere sum ei proximus. Terent. Il n'ha point de plus prochain parent que moy.

\

    Animale genus. Lucret. La multitude des animaux, des choses ayants ame.

\

    Genus humanum. Cic. Le genre humain.

\

    Dum hominum genus erit. Cic. Tant que le monde sera, que les hommes seront, que l'engence des hommes durera.

\

    Est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt. Terent. Il y a une maniere de gens qui, etc.

\

    Generis grati est. Plaut. Il est de gens et parenté qui recongnoissent le plaisir qu'on leur a faict, ou Il est de ceulx qui ne sont point ingrats.

\

    Constantes eligendi amici: cuius generis magna penuria est. Cic. De la quelle sorte, etc.

\

    Varia genera bestiarum. Cic. Diverses sortes, manieres, especes, genres.

\

    Natantum genus. Virgil. Poissons.

\

    Aligerum genus. Senec. Oiseaux.

\

    AEquoreum genus. Virgil. Les poissons de mer.

\

    Excutiendum omne scriptorum genus. Quintil. Toutes les sortes.

\

    Emas quatuor marmoreas columnas, cuius tibi videbitur generis. Plin. iunior. De telle sorte qu'il te semblera bon.

\

    Nisi esset generis eius, vt saepe incipere, saepe desinere videatur. Plin. iunior. De telle sorte.

\

    In genere aliquo peccare. Cic. En quelque sorte et facon, ou maniere.

\

    Genere nouo literarum vti. Cic. De nouvelle facon.

\

    In omni genere furandi atque praedandi versatus est. Cic. Il a practiqué toute maniere de larrecin.

\

    Alia eiusdem generis. Cic. Autres semblables.

\

    Vno genere capere pisces. Plin. En une sorte seulement.

\

    AEtatis degendae genus sibi constituere. Cic. Une maniere de vivre.

Dictionarium latinogallicum > genus
20 Cum

1.
cum (archaic form COM, found in an inscr., COM PREIVATVD; in MSS. sometimes quom or quum), prep. with abl. [for skom, Sanscr. root sak, together; cf. sequor, and Gr. koinos, sun], designates in gen. accompaniment, community, connection of one object with another (opp. sine, separatim, etc.), with, together, together with, in connection or company with, along with; sometimes also to be translated and.
I.
In gen., Plaut. Am. prol. 95:
qui cum Amphitruone abiit hinc in exercitum,
id. ib. prol. 125:
cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano,
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4:
semper ille antea cum uxore, tum sine eā,
id. Mil. 21, 55:
quibuscum essem libenter,
id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; cf.:
cum quibus in ceteris intellegis afuisse,
id. Sull. 3, 7:
si cenas hodie mecum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 70:
vagamur egentes cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:
errare malo cum Platone, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 39:
qui unum imperium unumque magistratum cum ipsis habeant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3 et saep.—
b.
In an expression of displeasure:
in' hinc, quo dignus, cum donis tuis Tam lepidis,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 9; cf. Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 33; Ter. And. 5, 4, 38; id. Eun. 1, 2, 73; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 7 al.—
B.
In a designation of time with which some action concurs:
egone abs te abii hinc hodie cum diluculo?
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 121; so,
cum primo luci,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 58:
cras cum filio cum primo luci ibo hinc,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; cf.:
cum primā luce,
id. Att. 4, 3, 4; and:
cum primo lumine solis,
Verg. A. 7, 130: cum primo mane, Auct. B. Afr. 62: cum mane, Lucil. ap. Diom. p. 372 P:
pariter cum ortu solis,
Sall. J. 106, 5:
pariter cum occasu solis,
id. ib. 68, 2; cf.:
cum sole reliquit,
Verg. A. 3, 568 et saep.:
mane cum luci simul,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 31; v. simul: exiit cum nuntio (i. e. at the same time with, etc.), Caes. B. G. 5, 46; cf.: cum his nuntius Romam ad consulendum redit ( = hama toisde), Liv. 1, 32, 10:
simul cum dono designavit templo Jovis fines,
id. 1, 10, 5; cf.:
et vixisse cum re publicā pariter, et cum illā simul extinctus esse videatur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 10.—
C.
In designating the relations, circumstances, way, and manner with which any act is connected, by which it is accompanied, under or in which it takes place, etc., with, in, under, in the midst of, among, to, at: aliquid cum malo suo facere, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 4; cf.:
cum magnā calamitate et prope pernicie civitatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:
cum summā rei publicae salute et cum tuā peste ac pernicie cumque eorum exitio, qui, etc.,
id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:
cum magno provinciae periculo,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:
cum summo probro,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 10: cum summo terrore hominum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 6:
cum summā tuā dignitate,
Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61:
cum bonā alite,
Cat. 61, 19:
ferendum hoc onus est cum labore,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 59:
multis cum lacrimis aliquem obsecrare,
amid many tears, Caes. B. G. 1, 20; cf.:
hunc ipsum abstulit magno cum gemitu civitatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 49:
orare cum lacrimis coepere,
Liv. 5, 30, 5:
si minus cum curā aut cautelā locus loquendi lectus est,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 6 Ritschl; so,
cum curā,
Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 70; Sall. J. 54, 1; Liv. 22, 42, 5 et saep.; cf.:
cum summo studio,
Sall. C. 51, 38:
cum quanto studio periculoque,
Liv. 8, 25, 12 al.:
cum multā venustate et omni sale,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 9:
summā cum celeritate ad exercitum rediit,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 52:
maximo cum clamore involant,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 89:
cum clamore,
Liv. 2, 23, 8; 5, 45, 2:
cum clamore ac tumultu,
id. 9, 31, 8; cf.:
Athenienses cum silentio auditi sunt,
id. 38, 10, 4; 7, 35, 1:
illud cum pace agemus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83:
cum bonā pace,
Liv. 1, 24, 3; 21, 24, 5:
cum bonā gratiā,
Cic. Fat. 4, 7:
cum bonā veniā,
Liv. 29, 1, 7; cf.:
cum veniā,
Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 104; Quint. 10, 1, 72:
cum virtute vivere,
Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 29; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 34:
cum judicio,
Quint. 10, 1, 8:
cum firmā memoriā,
id. 5, 10, 54:
legata cum fide ac sine calumniā persolvere,
Suet. Calig. 16:
spolia in aede... cum sollemni dedicatione dono fixit,
Liv. 4, 20, 3.—
b.
Attributively, with subst.:
et huic proelium cum Tuscis ad Janiculum erat crimini,
Liv. 2, 52, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:
frumenti cum summā caritate inopia erat,
id. 2, 12, 1; 2, 5, 2; 7, 29, 3.—
2.
Cum eo quod, ut, or ne (in an amplification or limitation), with the circumstance or in the regard that, on or under the condition, with the exception, that, etc. (except once in Cic. epistt. not ante-Aug.).
(α).
Cum eo quod, with indic., Quint. 12, 10, 47 Spald.; 10, 7, 13; so,
cum eo quidem, quod, etc.,
id. 2, 4, 30. —With subj.:
sit sane, quoniam ita tu vis: sed tamen cum eo, credo, quod sine peccato meo fiat,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 7.—
(β).
With ut:
Antium nova colonia missa cum eo, ut Antiatibus permitteretur, si et ipsi adscribi coloni vellent,
Liv. 8, 14, 8; so id. 8, 14, 2; 30, 10, 21; 36, 5, 3; Cels. 3, 22.—So with tamen:
cum eo tamen, ut nullo tempore is... non sit sustinendus,
Cels. 3, 5 fin.; 4, 6 fin. —
(γ).
With ne:
obsequar voluntati tuae cum eo, ne dubites, etc.,
Col. 5, 1, 4:
cum eo, ne amplius quam has urant,
Cels. 7, 22; and with tamen:
cum eo tamen, ne, etc.,
id. 2, 17.—
3.
Cum dis volentibus, etc., with God's help, by the will of the gods, sun theôi:
cum divis volentibus quodque bene eveniat mando tibi, Mani, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 141, 1: volentibu' cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38:
agite, cum dis bene juvantibus arma capite,
Liv. 21, 43, 7; so,
cum superis,
Claud. Cons. Stil. III. p. 174.—
4.
Cum with an ordinal number (cum octavo, cum decimo, etc.) for our - fold, in economical lang., of the multiplication of cultivated products:
ut ex eodem semine aliubi cum decimo redeat, aliubi cum quinto decimo,
ten-, fifteenfold, Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 1; so,
cum octavo, cum decimo,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:
cum centesimo,
Plin. 18, 10, 21, § 95; cf. with a subst.:
cum centesimā fruge agricolis faenus reddente terrā,
id. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—
D.
With a means or instrument, considered as attending or accompanying the actor in his action (so most freq. anteclass., or in the poets and scientific writers): acribus inter se cum armis confligere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 261, 6: effundit voces proprio cum pectore, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 424: cum voce maximā conclamat, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 10:
cum linguā lingere,
Cat. 98, 3:
cum suo gurgite accepit venientem (fluvius),
Verg. A. 9, 816:
cum vino et oleo ungere,
Veg. 1, 11, 8 et saep.:
terra in Augurum libris scripta cum R uno,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 21 Müll.
II.
In partic.
A.
Completing the meaning of verbs.
1.
With verbs of union, connection, and agreement: cum veteribus copiis se conjungere, Caes. B. G. 1, 37:
ut proprie cohaereat cum narratione,
Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11:
(haec) arbitror mihi constare cum ceteris scriptoribus,
id. 1, 9, 16:
interfectam esse... convenit mihi cum adversariis,
id. 1, 10, 17; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 22, 31:
quī autem poterat in gratiam redire cum Oppianico Cluentius?
id. Clu. 31, 86:
hanc sententiam cum virtute congruere semper,
id. Off. 3, 3, 13:
foedera quibus etiam cum hoste devincitur fides,
id. ib. 3, 31, 111:
capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant,
Liv. 1, 52, 4:
cum aliquo in gratiam redire,
id. 3, 58, 4:
stabat cum eo senatūs majestas,
id. 8, 34, 1:
conjurasse cum Pausaniā,
Curt. 7, 1, 6:
Autronium secum facere,
Cic. Sull. 13, 36; cf. also conecto, colligo, consentio, compono, etc.—
2.
Of companionship, association, sharing, etc.:
cum his me oblecto, qui res gestas aut orationes scripserunt suas,
Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 61:
quoniam vivitur, non cum perfectis hominibus, sed cum iis, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 15, 46:
nulla (societas) carior quam ea quae cum re publicā est unicuique nostrum,
id. ib. 1, 17, 51:
cum civibus vivere,
id. ib. 1, 34, 124:
cum M. Fabio mihi summus usus est,
id. Fam. 9, 25, 2; cf.:
cum quibus publice privatimque hospitia amicitiasque junxerant,
Liv. 1, 45, 2:
partiri cum Dinaeā matre jussit,
Cic. Clu. 7, 21:
cum Baebio communicare,
id. ib. 16, 47; cf.
of local association, nearness: cum mortuā jugulatum servum nudum positurum ait,
Liv. 1, 58, 4:
duos tamen pudor cum eo tenuit,
id. 2, 10, 5.—
3.
Of intercourse, traffic, etc.:
cum aliquo agere,
to deal with, Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112; Caes. B. G. 1, 13:
cum eo Accius injuriarum agit,
Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:
si par est agere cum civibus,
Cic. Off. 2, 23, 83; 3, 22, 88; id. Scaur. 10, 20; cf. id. Fam. 5, 18, 1; Liv. 1, 19, 7; 3, 9, 13; 4, 15, 2; Val. Max. 4, 3, 8:
si mihi cum Peripateticis res esset,
Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112:
tecum enim mihi res est,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:
uni tibi et cum singulis res est,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:
pacem cum Sabinis facere,
Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109.—Esp.: agere cum aliquo, to have a lawsuit with, Gai Inst. 4, 87; 4, 114 et saep.; v. ago, II. B. 8. a., and II. B. 9.; consisto, I. B. 5.; cf. also pango, etc.—
4.
Of deliberation and discussion:
haec ego cum ipsis philosophis disserebam,
Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 57:
tempus cum conjuratis consultando absumunt,
Liv. 2, 4, 3 et saep.; v. also cogito, reputo, dubito, etc.—
5.
Of strife, difference, etc.:
quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1:
cum Cleanthe quam multis rebus Chrysippus dissidet!
Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 143:
neque tam quererer cum deo quod, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 25, 81:
cum quo Antiochum saepe disputantem audiebam,
id. ib. 2, 4, 11:
cum stomacheretur cum Metello,
id. Or. 2, 66, 267:
manu cum hoste confligere,
id. Off. 1, 23, 81:
utilia cum honestis pugnare,
id. ib. 3, 7, 34: cum Catone dissentire. id. ib. 3, 22, 88:
cum majoribus nostris bella gessit,
id. Scaur. 19, 45; Liv. 1, 35, 7; 7, 22, 4:
cum Auruncis bellum inire,
id. 2, 16, 8; cf.:
cum Volscis aequo Marte discessum est,
id. 2, 40, 14:
inimicitias cum Africano gerere,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3:
cum Scipione dissentire,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 12:
cum utrāque (uxore) divortium fecit,
Suet. Claud. 26; cf. also certo, pugno, discrepo, differo, distraho, dissentio, etc.—
6.
Of comparison:
nec Arcesilae calumnia conferenda est cum Democriti verecundiā,
Cic. Ac. 2, 5, 14:
hanc rationem dicendi cum imperatoris laude comparare,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 8:
conferam Sullamne cum Junio,
id. Clu. 34, 94:
(orationem) cum magnitudine utilitatis comparare,
id. Off. 2, 6, 20.—
B.
Pregn., implying the notion of being furnished, endowed, clothed with any thing, or of possessing, holding, suffering under, etc., in a lit. and trop. sense: ille vir haud magnā cum re sed plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (cf. the antith.:
hominem sine re, sine fide,
Cic. Cael. 32, 78):
a portu illuc nunc cum laternā advenit,
Plaut. Am. prol. 149:
cadus cum vino,
id. Stich. 5, 1, 7; cf. id. Pers. 2, 3, 15:
olla cum aquā,
Cato, R. R. 156:
arcula cum ornamentis,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 91:
fiscos cum pecuniā Siciliensi,
Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 22:
onerariae naves cum commeatu,
Liv. 30, 24, 5 et saep.:
cum servili schemā,
Plaut. Am. prol. 117;
so of clothing,
id. Rud. 1, 4, 31; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54; 2, 5, 13, § 31; [p. 490] id. Rab. Post. 10, 27; Liv. 35, 34, 7; Suet. Claud. 13; Sil. 1, 94 et saep.:
ut ne quis cum telo servus esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 3, § 7;
so of weapons,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 19; cf.:
inmissi cum falcibus, etc.,
id. Tusc. 5, 23, 65:
vidi argenteum Cupidinem cum lampade,
holding, id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115:
simulacrum Cereris cum faucibus,
id. ib. 2, 4, 49, §
109: cum elephanti capite puer natus,
Liv. 27, 11, 5; cf.:
cum quinque pedibus natus,
id. 30, 2, 10; 33, 1, 11; 27, 4, 14 al.: omnia cum pulchris animis Romana juventus, Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 1; cf.
Ter. ib.: Minucius cum vulnere gravi relatus in castra,
Liv. 9, 44, 14:
te Romam venisse cum febri,
Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1; so id. de Or. 3, 2, 6; id. Clu. 62, 175: cum eisdem suis vitiis nobilissimus, with all his faults, i. e. in spite of, id. ib. 40, 112:
ex eis qui cum imperio sint,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 3 Manut.; cf.:
cum imperio aut magistratu,
Suet. Tib. 12 Bremi; v. imperium.—
C.
With idem (never of the identity of two subjects, but freq. of the relation of two subjects to the same object, etc.;
v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 538): tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:
quandoque tu... omnibus in eisdem flagitiis mecum versatus es,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187:
Numidae... in eādem mecum Africā geniti,
Liv. 30, 12, 15; 28, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 2; Val. Max. 6, 5, 3.—
D.
In the adverb. phrase, cum primis, with the foremost, i.e. especially, particularly (rare), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68; id. Brut. 62, 224.—Post-class. also as one word: cumprīmis, Gell. 1, 12, 7 al.
► a.
Cum in anastrophe. So always with the pers. pron.: mecum, tecum, secum, nobiscum, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 45, 154; Prisc. pp. 949 and 988 P.; and in gen. with the rel. pron.:
quocum (quīcum), quacum, quibuscum, quīcum (for quocum),
Cic. Or. 45, 154; Liv. 38, 9, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 1, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, §§ 76 and 77; Caes. B. G. 1, 8; Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15; id. Att. 4, 9, 2; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Quint. 8, 6, 65; 10, 5, 7; 11, 2, 38. But where cum is emphatic, or a demonstrative pron. is understood, cum is placed before the rel.; cf.:
his de rebus velim cum Pompeio, cum Camillo, cum quibus vobis videbitur, consideretis,
Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3:
adhibuit sibi quindecim principes cum quibus causas cognovit,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82; Liv. 1, 45, 2.—
b.
Before et... et, connecting two substt.:
cum et diurno et nocturno metu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 66.
III.
In compounds the primitive form com was alone in use, and was unchanged before b, p, m: comburo, compono, committo, and a few words beginning with vowels: comes, comitium, and comitor; m was assimilated before r: corripio; often before l: colligo or conligo; rarely before n, as connumero, but usually dropped: conecto, conitor, conubium; with the change of m into n before all the remaining consonants: concutio, condono, confero, congero, conqueror, consumo, contero, convinco; so, conjicio, etc., but more usually conicio; and with the rejection of m before vowels and before h: coarguo, coëo, coinquino, coopto, cohibeo.—
B.
It designates,
1.
A being or bringing together of several objects: coëo, colloquor, convivor, etc.: colligo, compono, condo, etc.—
2.
The completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signif. of the simple word, as in commaculo, commendo, concito, etc., comminuo, concerpo, concido, convello, etc.
2.
Cum (ante-class. quom; freq. in MSS. of Cicero; the post-class. form quum is incorrectly given in many MSS. and edd.), conj. [pronom. stem ka- or kva- with acc. case ending].
I.
Of time, when, as, while, sometimes = after, since.
A.
In adverbial clauses dependent on non-preterite predicates.
1.
The time designated by cum being indefinite, when, if, whenever, always with indic., except in the instances A. 2.
a.
Cum with pres. indic., often equivalent to si.
(α).
With principal predicate in pres.:
nam omnes id faciunt quom se amari intellegunt,
Plaut. Truc. prol. 17:
facile, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 9; Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 44; id. Poen. 4, 2, 20; id. Truc. 1, 1, 46; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 11:
cum semen maturum habet, tum tempestiva est,
Cato, R. R. 17; 41: quid? tum cum es iratus, permittis illi iracundiae dominationem animi tui? Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59:
cum permagna praemia sunt, est causa peccandi,
id. Off. 3, 20, 79; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87:
quidam vivere tunc incipiunt cum desinendum est,
Sen. Ep. 23, 11.—
(β).
With principal predicate in fut. (rare):
ad cujus igitur fidem confugiet cum per ejus fidem laeditur cui se commiserit?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; id. Leg. 3, 10, 24; id. Fl. 17, 40; Verg. A. 12, 208.—
(γ).
With principal predicate in logical perf. (mostly poet.):
haud invito ad auris sermo mi accessit tuos, Quom te postputasse omnis res prae parente intellego,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 33:
qui cum levati morbo videntur, in eum de integro inciderunt,
Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 2:
(dolor) Cum furit... Profuit incensos aestus avertere ( = prodest),
Verg. G. 3, 457:
nemo non, cum alteri prodest, sibi profuit,
Sen. Ep. 81, 19; Cic. Att. 4, 18, 1; Liv. 8, 8, 11; Verg. A. 9, 435; id. G. 1, 288.—
b.
With logical perf. indic.
(α).
With principal predicate in pres. (very freq.), the perf. translated either by English pres. perf. or by pres.: omnia sunt incerta cum a jure discessum est, when we ( once) disregard the law, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 1:
gubernatores cum exultantes loligines viderunt... tempestatem significari putant,
id. Div. 2, 70, 145:
cum depulsi sunt agni a matribus, diligentia adhibenda est ne, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17:
cum ejus generis copia defecit, ad innocentium supplicia descendunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 16, 5:
(hostis) cum intravit... modum a captivis non accipit,
Sen. Ira, 1, 8, 2:
quia enim, cum prima cognovi, jungere extrema cupio,
Plin. Ep. 7, 10, 1; Cic. Or. 1, 33, 153; id. Div. 2, 26, 56; id. Brut. 24, 93; id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; id. Fam. 6, 3, 3; Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63; Caes. B. G. 4, 33; 5, 21; Liv. 22, 9, 8; 34, 31, 4; Val. Max. 8, 10 prooem.; 9, 6 init.; Sen. Ep. 3, 2; 21, 9; id. Cons. Helv. 13, 2; Curt. 3, 3, 18; Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 60; Quint. 4, 2, 122; 10, 7, 14.—In oblique clauses the perf. indic. may remain, or may be changed into perf. subj., even after preterites, Cic. Off. 1, 28, 26; 2, 20, 69.—
(β).
With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.), Ov. P. 1, 5, 47.—
(γ).
With two logical perff. (rare):
cum id factum est, tamen grex dominum non mutavit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6:
quae cum se disposuit... summum bonum tetigit,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 5; id. Tranq. 17, 11; id. Ben. 1, 1, 5. —
c.
With fut.
(α).
With principal predicate in fut.:
ita fere officia reperientur, cum quaeretur, quid deceat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 125; Auct. Her. 2, 7, 10; 2, 12, 17.— So with principal predicate in fut. imper:
etiam tum cum verisimile erit aliquem commisisse... latratote,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57, id. Mur. 31, 65; id. Att. 3, 8, 4; Liv. 35, 19, 6.—
(β).
With principal predicate in pres.:
in talibus... stabilitas amicitiae confirmari potest, cum homines cupiditatibus imperabunt,
Cic. Lael. 22, 82; Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.—
d.
With fut. perf.
(α).
With principal predicate in pres.:
quam (spem), cum in otium venerimus, habere volumus,
Cic. Att. 1, 7:
nec irascimur illis cum sessorem recusaverint,
Sen. Const. 12, 3; id. Cons. Marc. 7, 2.—
(β).
With principal predicate in fut. indic.:
cum haec erunt considerata, statim nostrae legis expositione... utemur,
Auct. Her. 2, 10, 15:
cum viderit secari patrem suum filiumve, vir bonus non flebit?
Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 1.—In oblique clauses, dependent on preterites, it is changed to the pluperf. subj.:
qui tum demum beatum terrarum orbem futurum praedicavit cum aut sapientes regnare, aut reges sapere coepissent,
Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 4.—
(γ).
With principal predicate in fut. imper.:
cum tempestates pluviae fuerint, videtote quot dies, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 2, 3; 25 init.; 38.—
(δ).
With two fut. perff.:
cum bene cesserit negotiatio, multum militia retulerit,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 6.—
e.
In partic.
(α).
In definitions with pres, indic.:
humile genus est (causae) cum contempta res adfertur,
Auct. Her. 1, 3, 5:
purgatio est cum factum conceditur, culpa removetur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 11, 15: maxima est capitis deminutio cum aliquis simul et civitatem et libertatem amittit, Gai Inst. 1, 160; Auct. Her. 1, 46; 2, 4, 6; 4, 12, 17; 4, 53, 66 et saep. —
(β).
Etiam cum (less freq. cum etiam), even when (nearly = etiamsi), always with indic. if dependent on other than preterite predicates. (1) With pres.: qui cavet ne decipiatur, vix cavet, quom etiam cavet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:
in quo scelere, etiam cum multae causae convenisse... videntur, tamen non temere creditur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:
qui incolunt maritimas urbis, etiam cum manent corpore, animo tamen excursant,
id. Rep. 2, 4, 7; Curt. 6, 3, 10; Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 6.—(2) With fut.:
etiam cum potentes nocere intendent,
Sen. Const. 4, 1. —(3) With fut. perf.:
cum etiam plus contenderimus, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; Sen. Ben. 4, 13, 3.—(4) In oblique clauses with imperf. subj., Cic. Fragm. Tog. Cand. 15.—
(γ).
Anteclass. with indic. in addressing indefinite persons in rules, after imper.:
sorba in sapa cum vis condere, arida facias,
Cato, R. R. 7 fin. — Always with indic. if a certain person is addressed; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59 (l. A. 1. a. a supra); id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47.—
2.
With subj. referring to indefinite time.
a.
With the 2d pers. sing., used in an indefinite sense ( you = one, any one).
(α).
With pres. subj.:
acerbum'st pro benefactis quom mali messim metas,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 53:
quom faciem videas, videtur esse quantivis preti,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 15; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 32; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 38; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7 and 8 et saep.:
difficile est tacere cum doleas,
Cic. Sull. 10, 31:
etiam interpretatio nominis habet acumen cum ad ridiculum convertas,
id. de Or. 2, 63, 257; 2, 64, 259; 2, 67, 269; 2, 75, 305; 3, 38, 156; Sen. Ep. 75, 4 et saep.—
(β).
With perf. subj.:
difficile est cum praestare omnibus concupieris, servare aequitatem,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64:
quos (versus) cum cantu spoliaveris, nuda paene remanet oratio,
id. Or. 55, 183; id. Lael. 21, 77; id. Inv. 1, 47, 88; Sall. C. 12, 3; 51, 24; 58, 16.—
b.
In the jurists, in a clause exemplifying a general rule: cum ergo ita scriptum sit Heres Titius esto, addicere debemus, Gai Inst. 2, 165; so id. ib. 4, 97; 3, 161; Auct. Her. 4, 31, 42.—
c.
In the phrase audio cum dicat (I. F. 1, b. infra):
saepe soleo audire Roscium cum ita dicat se, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 129.—
d.
When, after cum, an imperfect or pluperfect is used as a logical tense (post-Aug.): non tulit gratis qui cum rogasset accepit, who has asked for the favor, and, etc., Sen. Ben. 2, 1, 4; 2, 3, 1; 2, 13, 2; id. Ep. 86, 8.—
e.
If the principal predicate is a potential subjunctive, an indefinite clause with a present or future after cum is always in the same mood:
caveto quom ventus siet aut imber, effodias aut seras,
Cato, R. R. 28:
quis tam dissoluto animo est qui, haec cum videat, tacere ac neglegere possit?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 32; id. Planc. 39, 94; id. Clu. 55, 153; id. Inv. 1, 4, 87; 1, 51, 95; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 32, 43.—
3.
Of definite time, always with indic. (for exceptions, v. 4. infra), when, if, while (for the distinction between cum and si, cf.:
formam mihi totius rei publicae, si jam es Romae, aut cum eris, velim mittas,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 4:
quae si prodierit, atque adeo cum prodierit—scio enim proditurum esse—audiet,
id. Rosc. Am. 25, 100:
si damnatus eris, atque adeo cum damnatus eris—nam dubitatio quae poterit esse? etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; id. Or. 2, 75, 304; Sen. Ep. 83, 10).
a.
Cum with pres. indic.
(α).
Principal predicate in pres.:
certe, edepol, quom illum contemplo et formam cognosco meam... nimis simili'st mei,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 288; so id. Poen. 1, 2, 71; id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 45: Py. Ne fle. Ph. Non queo Quom te video, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 14; id. Am. 1, 1, 260; id. Rud. 3, 4, 38:
potestne tibi ulla spes salutis ostendi cum recordaris in deos immortalis quam impius... fueris?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47: cum hoc vereor, et cupio tibi... parcere, rursus immuto voluntatem meam ( = while), id. Rosc. Am. 34, 95; Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4:
equidem cum... recordor, vix aetatem Alexandri suffecturam fuisse reor ad unum bellum,
Liv. 9, 19, 12; Cic. Planc. 12, 29; id. Clu. 10, 29; Liv. 40, 46, 3:
quod cum ita est,
if this is so, Quint. 24, 58 (cf.:
quodsi ita est,
Cic. Mur. 2, 5); so,
often, nunc cum: qui modo nusquam conparebas, nunc quom conpares, peris,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 2; so id. ib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 2, 17; id. As. 1, 2, 18; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 39:
nos de injusto rege nihil loquimur, nunc cum de ipsa regali re publica quaerimus,
Cic. Rep. 3, 35, 47; Liv. 44, 39, 7.—So with logical perf. for the pres., Quint. 4, 2, 122.—But Cicero always uses nunc cum with a subj. when the clause, while designating present time, generally [p. 491] in opposition to a former time, implies a reason for the principal action, now that:
quodsi tum, cum res publica severitatem desiderabat, vici naturam, etc., nunc cum omnes me causae ad misericordiam... vocent, quanto tandem studio, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 2, 3, 6; id. Fam. 9, 16, 7; id. Font. 15, 35 (25); id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; 17, 50; not found in later writers, except in the Gallic panegyrists, e. g. Eum. Grat. Act. 2 init. —
(β).
With principal predicate in the logical perf., if (ante-class.):
Curculio hercle verba mihi dedit quom cogito,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 27:
sed tandem, quom recogito, qui potis est scire, haec scire me?
id. Stich. 2, 1, 29; id. Mil. 4, 8, 64.—
b.
Cum with logical perf. indic.
(α).
Principal predicate in pres.:
ergo quom optume fecisti, nunc adest occasio Benefacta cumulare,
after doing excellently, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 63: quo etiam major vir habendus est (Numa), cum illam sapientiam constituendae civitatis duobus prope saeculis ante cognovit, quam, etc. ( = siquidem, if he has; seeing that he has), Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; Verg. A. 9, 249.—
(β).
With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.):
at cumst imposta corona, Clamabis capiti vina subisse meo (est imposta = erit imposta),
Prop. 4 (5), 2, 30.—
c.
With fut.
(α).
With principal predicate in fut.:
quom videbis tum scies,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; id. Am. 3, 3, 15; id. Men. 5, 7, 7; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; id. Heaut. prol. 33:
sed cum certum sciam faciam te paulo ante certiorem,
Cic. Fam. 9, 23; 3, 11, 3; 12, 30, 5; 14, 3, 4; id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 2; Liv. 3, 53, 10.—
(β).
With principal predicate in fut. perf.:
cum tu haec leges, ego jam annuum munus confecero,
Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 1.—
(γ).
With principal predicate in imper. fut.:
mox quom imitabor Sauream, caveto ne succenseas,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 105; id. Mil. 3, 3, 59.—
(δ).
With principal predicate in subj. (potential):
cum testes ex Sicilia dabo, quem volet ille eligat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 48; id. Off. 1, 34, 122; 3, 10, 46; id. Att. 4, 9, 1; 4, 10, 2; 4, 17, 1 et saep.—
(ε).
In oblique clauses, after preterites, changed into imperf. subj., Caes. B. C. 2, 40; after other tenses it is either changed into pres. subj. or remains unchanged, Cic. Fam. 1, 56, 2; 1, 7, 4; Sall. C. 58, 8.—
d.
With fut. perf.
(α).
With principal predicate in fut.:
mox dabo quom ab re divina rediero,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 193; id. Am. 1, 1, 43; 1, 2, 4; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 8:
cum haec docuero, tum illud ostendam, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 4, 9; id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 3; id. de Or. 2, 33, 143; 2, 59, 239; id. Att. 3, 23, 5 et saep.—In oblique clauses, after preterites, the fut. perf. is changed into pluperf. subj., Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; 28, 78; Liv. 1, 56, 11; 5, 30, 1; after other tenses, and often in oblique oration, it remains unchanged, or is changed into perf. subj., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183; id. Fam. 2, 5, 2 dub.; Liv. 21, 13, 8; 3, 56, 10.—
(β).
With principal predicate in imper. (almost always fut. imper.):
quod quom dixero, si placuerit, Facitote,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 37:
cum ego Granium testem produxero, refellito, si poteris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154; id. Marcell. 9, 27; id. Fam. 16, 4, 3; Tac. A. 1, 22.—With pres. imper., Liv. 24, 38, 7.—
(γ).
With principal predicate in subj. (potential):
quae cum omnia collegeris, tum ipse velim judices satisne videatur,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 4; id. Or. 13, 41 dub.—In oblique clauses, after non-preterites, the fut. perf. remains unchanged:
oro, ne me hodie, cum isti respondero, putetis, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10; id. Clu. 2, 6.—
4.
With subj. in definite time.
a.
Sometimes in oblique construction (3. c. e; 3. d. a).—
b.
Sometimes by attraction:
curata fac sint quom a foro redeam domum,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 6; 2, 3, 11; id. Stich. 1, 2, 8; id. Curc. 2, 2, 3:
non admirere cum ego ipse me id ex te primum audisse confitear?
Cic. Planc. 24, 58. —
c.
In the semi-causal connection nunc cum, v. 3, a. a fin. supra.
B.
In adverbial anterior clauses dependent on preterite predicates, the time of the cum clause preceding that of the principal sentence (always with subj., except in the instances mentioned 2.; 3. a; and 5.), when, after.
1.
With pluperf. subj. (so generally): quom socios nostros mandisset impius Cyclops, Liv. And. Fragm. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 817 (Lubbert conjectures, without sufficient reason, mandit sex): quom saucius multifariam ibi factus esset, tamen volnus capiti nullum evenit, Cato, Orig. ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19:
portisculus signum cum dare coepisset,
Enn. Ann. v. 234 Vahl.:
quom testamento patris partisset bona,
Afran. Com. Rel. v. 50 Rib.: quem quom ibi vidissent Hortensius Postumiusque, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 4, 32; Enn. Ann. v. 241 Vahl.; Turp. Com. Rel. v. 48 Rib.; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 394, 27 (the MSS. reading:
quom venisset,
Plaut. As. 2, 3, 15, is corrupt):
audivi summos homines cum quaestor ex Macedonia venissem Athenas,
Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:
haec cum Crassus dixisset, silentium est consecutum,
id. ib. 1, 35, 160:
cum Thebani Lacedaemonios bello superavissent... aeneum statuerunt tropaeum,
id. Inv. 2, 23, 69:
Dionysius cum fanum Proserpinae Locris expilavisset, navigabat Syracusas,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83:
eo cum venisset, animadvertit ad alteram ripam magnas esse copias hostium,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18:
Tarquinius et Tullia minor... cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur nuptiis,
Liv. 1, 46, 9 et saep. —
2.
With pluperf. indic.
a.
Ante-class. in place of the class. subj.:
idem me pridem quom ei advorsum veneram, Facere atriensem voluerat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 28:
Quid ais? Quom intellexeras, id consilium capere, quor non dixti extemplo,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 38.—
b.
If the pluperfect is a virtual imperfect, designating the time at which the main action took place, the principal predicate being likewise in the pluperfect, when the clause would require an indicative if placed in the imperfect (3. a. a): exspectationem nobis non parvam adtuleras cum scripseras Varronem tibi confirmasse, etc. ( = exspectabam cum legebam; cf. C. 3, a. a, 2.), Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 2, where the cum clause is relative; v. E.: Romae haud minus terroris... erat quam fuerat biennio ante cum castra Punica objecta Romanis moenibus fuerant (C. 3. a. a, 1.), Liv. 27, 44, 1; so id. 5, 28, 1; 26, 40, 17; 44, 10, 1.—
c.
If the clause indicates that the time of the main action is a period, subsequent to that of the action designated by the pluperfect:
nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant, scimus Romae, solutione impedita, fidem concidisse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:
cum ea consecutus nondum eram... tamen ista vestra nomina numquam sum admiratus,
id. Fam. 3, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Inv. 2, 42, 124; Caes. B. G. 7, 35; Liv. 24, 7, 1 sq.; Nep. Dat. 6, 5; Curt. 9, 10, 12; Verg. A. 5, 42.—
3.
If both predicates denote repeated action, the anterior clause with cum has the pluperf. indic. or subj.
a.
With pluperf. indic.
(α).
With principal predicate in imperf. indic. (so almost always in Cicero and Caesar; not in the poets, nor in Vell., Val. Max., Tac., Suet., or Plin.), whenever:
cum ad aliquod oppidum venerat, eadem lectica usque ad cubiculum deferebatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27; 2, 1, 46, § 120; 2, 3, 67, § 156; 2, 4, 61, § 137; 2, 5, 10, § 27; id. Fl. 7, 16; 10, 21; id. Agr. 2, 26, 68; id. Or. 32, 113; id. Brut. 24, 93:
(Cassi vellaunus) cum equitatus noster se in agros ejecerat, essedarios ex silvis emittebat,
Caes. B. G. 5, 19; 3, 14; 3, 15; 4, 7; 5, 35; 7, 22; id. B. C. 1, 58; Sall. J. 92, 8; 44, 4:
cum comminus venerant, gladiis a velitibus trucidabantur,
Liv. 38, 21, 12; Nep. Epam. 3, 6; Sen. Ep. 11, 4; Curt. 3, 10, 8; 3, 10, 11; Quint. 7, 1, 4; Gell. 15, 22, 5; 17, 18, 3; Gai Inst. 4, 15; Pacat. 9.—
(β).
With principal predicate in perf. indic.:
Pacuvius qui Syriam usu suam fecit, cum vino... sibi parentaverat,
Sen. Ep. 12, 8; 108, 14.—
b.
With pluperf. subj., an imperf. indic. in principal sentence:
cum fossam latam cubiculari lecto circumdedisset, ejusque transitum... conjunxisset, eum ipse detorquebat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; id. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:
cum cohortes ex acie procucurrissent, Numidae... effugiebant, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 41:
cum in jus duci debitorem vidissent, undique convolabant,
Liv. 2, 27, 8; 25, 3, 11; 5, 48, 2.—
4.
In anterior clauses with imperf. subj.
(α).
When the principal clause expresses an immediate consequence ( = pluperf. subj.):
Demaratus cum audiret dominationem Cypseli confirmari, defugit patriam ( = cum audivisset),
Cic. Rep. 2, 19, 34; Caes. B. G. 5, 17 et saep.—
(β).
Where both verbs relate to one transaction, especially in remarks and replies:
(Epaminondas) cum gravi vulnere exanimari se videret, quaesivit salvusne esset clipeus, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97:
cum ex eo quaereretur quid esset dolus magnus, respondebat, etc.,
id. Off. 3. 14, 60; id. Or. 2, 69, 278; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Liv. 3, 71, 4 et saep.—
(γ).
When the principal action takes place during the action of the dependent clause:
qui cum unum jam et alterum diem desideraretur, neque in eis locis inveniretur... liberti Asuvii in eum invadunt, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38.—
5.
For the perf. indic. instead of pluperf. subj. v. C. 1. d. infra.
C.
In adverbial clauses of coincident time dependent on preterites ( = eo tempore quo), the clause with cum designating the time at which or during which the main action took place, when, as, while.[The theory of the use of tenses and moods in these clauses is not fully settled. The older grammarians require the indicative if cum denotes pure time, but the subjunctive if denoting cause or relations similar to cause. Zumpt and others acknowledge that the rule is frequently not observed, attributing this to the predilection of the Latin language for the subjunctive. Recently Hoffmann (Zeitpartikeln der Lateinischen Sprache, 1st ed. 1860; 2d ed. 1873) and Lubbert (Syntax von Quom, 1870) have advanced the theory that cum requires the indicative if denoting absolute time, but the subjunctive if denoting relative time. They define absolute time as time co-ordinate or parallel with, or logically independent of, the time of the principal action, which performs the function of a chronological date for the principal action, and they consider it as a criterion that the clause might have constituted an independent sentence; while relative time is logically subordinate to the principal action. Hoffmann condenses his theory in the following words: cum with indicative names and describes the time at which the action of the principal sentence took place; cum with the subjunctive, on the contrary, designates the point of time at which, or the space of time during which, the action expressed in the principal sentence commenced or ended. The chief objections to this theory are: (1) Its vagueness.—(2) The facts that in many instances cum with the subjunctive clearly dates the main action (C. 3. a. b, 2, and 4.; C. 3. a. 5.; C. 3. b. b, 3. and 5.; C. 3. b. g infra); that many of the subjunctive clauses with cum may be transformed into independent sentences (C. 3. b. b, 2. and 3. infra); that many indicative clauses with cum are logically subordinate to the main action (C. 3. a. a, 2. infra), and that when both moods are used in two co-ordinated clauses with cum belonging to the same main sentence, Hoffmann must account for the difference of the moods by explanations not drawn from his theory (Cic. Agr. 2, 64, 64; id. Clu. 30, 83; id. Div. 1, 43, 97; id. Fin. 2, 19, 61; id. de Or. 67, 272; Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Liv. 6, 40, 17; 30, 44, 10).—(3) The impossibility of clearly drawing the line between logical co-ordination and subordination; and the fact that, wherever it is drawn, there will be many passages not accounted for (cf. 1. init. and many passages under C. 3. a. a, 3.; C. 3. a. d; C. 3. b. g, etc.).—(4) That the supposed use of cum with the imperfect indicative is inconsistent with the received doctrine that the imperfect always designates a time relative to another time—a difficulty not satisfactorily met by Hoffman's assumption of an aoristic imperfect.]GENERAL RULE.—The predicate after cum is in the perfect indicative (or historical present) if the action is conceived as a point of time coincident with the time of the main action. It is either in the imperfect indicative or in the imperfect subjunctive if the action is conceived as occupying a period of time within which the main action took place (e. g.:
quid enim meus frater ab arte adjuvari potuit, cum... furem se videre respondit? Quid in omni oratione Crassus... cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220;
where dicebat might stand for diceret, but not responderet for respondit: cum ad tribum Polliam ventum est, et praeco cunctaretur, etc.,
Liv. 29, 37, 8; cf.:
cum tecum Ephesi collocutus sum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 55, 1; and:
cum te Puteolis prosequerer,
id. ib. 3, 10, 8: cum primum lex coepta ferri est, Liv 3, 14, 4; and: cum [p. 492] ferretur lex, id. 5, 30, 4;
also,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1, and Liv. 3, 58, 7).
1.
Both predicates in the perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), both clauses denoting points of time (the principal predicate may be in any verbal form implying a perfect).
a.
The clause expressing a momentary action:
posticulum hoc recepit quom aedis vendidit, Flaut. Trin. 1, 2, 157: scilicet qui dudum tecum venit cum pallam mihi Detulisti,
id. Men. 2, 3, 46; prol. 62; id. Poen. 4, 2, 82; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 57; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21 et saep.:
non tum cum emisti fundum Tusculanum, in leporario apri fuerunt,
Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 8:
in judiciis quanta vis esset didicit cum est absolutus,
Cic. Tog. Cand. Fragm. 4:
per tuas statuas vero cum dixit, vehementer risimus,
id. de Or. 2, 59, 242:
cum occiditur Sex. Roscius, (servi) ibidem fuerunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 41, 120; id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 70; 1, 4, 11; 2, 2, 66, § 160; 2, 3, 47, § 112; id. Caecin. 29, 85; id. Sest. 55, 157; id. Phil. 2, 9, 21; id. Rep. 6, 22, 24; id. Fam. 9, 15, 2; id. Att. 2, 1, 5 et saep.:
tunc flesse decuit cum adempta sunt nobis arma,
Liv. 3, 55, 10; 10, 6, 8; 28, 42, 14; 42, 46, 1; Vitr. 2, 8, 12; 2, 1, 7; 2, 9, 15;
6, 7, 4: semel dumtaxat vultum mutavit, tunc cum... anulum in profundum dejecit,
Val. Max. 6, 9, 6; 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 1, ext. 1;
9, 8, 1: rerum natura... cum visum est deinde, (filium tuum) repetiit,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 10, 4; 11, 2; id. Q. N. 1, 11, 3; 6, 25, 4:
accepimus et serpentem latrasse cum pulsus est regno Tarquinius,
Plin. 8, 41, 63, § 153; 2, 24, 22, § 90; 2, 52, 53, § 139; Suet. Claud. 21; Hor. S. 2, 3, 61; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 8; Tib. 3, 5, 18; Mart. 5, 49, 9.—So, cum primum, when first, the first time that, as soon as:
jube vinum dari: jam dudum factum'st quom primum bibi,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 40; id. Cas. prol. 17; Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 31; id. And. prol. 1; id. Eun. 3, 3, 4:
Pompeius cum primum contionem habuit... ostendit, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 15, 45; id. Fam. 2, 9, 1; Liv. 3, 55, 10; 25, 6, 2; 25, 29, 4; 31, 3, 1; 40, 8, 1; 42, 34, 3; Curt. 6, 11, 23; but with imperf. subj. when referring to a per. of time:
ipse cum primum pabuli copia esse inciperet, ad exercitum venit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2.—In the poets and later writers, the imperf. subj. often occurs where classic prose has the perf. indic.:
effice ut idem status sit cum exigis qui fuit cum promitterem,
Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 4:
tum lacrimare debueras cum equo calcaria subderes,
Curt. 7, 2, 6; Suet. Claud. 6; Ov. P. 4, 12, 28.—
b.
If the clause denotes a state, condition, or action of longer duration, it takes the perf. indic. if asserted as a complete fact without regard to what happened during its progress (virtual point of time):
in quem Juppiter se convertit cum exportavit per mare... Europen,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5:
ne cum in Sicilia quidem (bellum) fuit... pars ejus belli in Italiam ulla pervasit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6:
nempe eo (lituo) Romulus regiones direxit tum cum urbem condidit,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125; id. Lig. 7, 20; id. Rep. 3, 32, 44:
non tibi, cum in conspectu Roma fuit, succurrit? etc.,
Liv. 2, 40, 7; 34, 3, 7; Nep. Iphicr. 2, 4; id. Pelop. 4, 3.—
c.
With perf. indic., by the time when, before, referring to facts which actually occurred before the action of the principal sentence:
ab Anaximandro moniti Lacedaemonii sunt ut urbem... linquerent, quod terrae motus instaret, tum cum... urbs tota corruit,
Cic. Div. 1, 50, 112; Liv. 22, 36, 4; 34, 31, 15; Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 53.—
d.
With perf. indic. when actions in immediate sequence are represented as coincident:
ad quem cum accessimus, Appio, subridens, Recipis nos, inquit, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 2:
me primus dolor percussit, Cotta cum est expulsus,
Cic. Brut. 89, 303:
itaque ne tum quidem cum classem perdidisti, Mamertinis navem imperare ausus es,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59:
haec cum facta sunt in concilio, magna spe et laetitia omnium discessum est,
Caes. B. C. 3, 87:
cum Thessalos in armis esse nuntiatum est, Ap. Claudium... senatus misit,
Liv. 42, 5, 8:
Gracchus cum ex Sardinia rediit, orationem ad populum habuit,
Gell. 15, 12, 1; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2; id. Deiot. 6, 17; id. Top. 16, 61; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; id. Fam. 5, 21, 2; Liv. 4, 44, 10; 4, 60, 8; 9, 25, 2; 22, 14, 12; Nep. Dat. 11, 1; Suet. Caes. 31; Gell. 1, 23, 5; Prop. 3, 20, 37 (4, 21, 7).—Hence a perf. indic. in co-ordination with pluperf. subj.: cum sol nocte visus esset... et cum caelum discessisse visum est (decemviri ad libros ire jussi sunt), Cic. Div. 1, 43, 97.—
2.
With a perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), the principal predicate in imperf.
a.
The action falling within the time of the principal predicate:
set Stalagmus quojus erat tunc nationis, quom hinc abit?
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 107; id. Rud. 3, 6, 9; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:
haec Crassi oratio cum edita est, quattuor et triginta tum habebat annos, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 43, 161:
eo cum venio, praetor quiescebat,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32; 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Fl. 13, 20; id. Pis. 1, 2; id. Lig. 1, 3; id. Phil. 2, 21, 52; 3, 4, 11; id. Fam. 13, 35, 2; id. Att. 6, 1, 13:
cum Caesari in Galliam venit, alterius factionis principes erant Aedui, alterius Sequani,
Caes. B. G. 6, 12; Sall. J. 71, 1:
cum haec accepta clades est, jam C. Horatius et T. Menenius consules erant,
Liv. 2, 51, 1; 21, 39, 4; 23, 49, 5; 28, 27, 14; 34, 16, 6;
45, 39, 1: merito me non adgnoscis, nam cum hoc factum est, integer eram,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 3.—Post-class. writers generally use imperf. subj.:
beneficium ei videberis dedisse cui tunc inimicissimus eras cum dares?
Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 7:
bona quoque, quae tunc habuit cum damnaretur, publicabuntur,
Dig. 28, 18, § 1:
pauper Fabricius (erat) Pyrrhi cum sperneret aurum,
Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 413.—
b.
The action strictly anterior to the principal sentence, rare (1. d.): nam quod conabar cum interventum'st dicere, nunc expedibo, Pac. ap. Non. p. 505, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 65 Rib.):
cum est ad nos adlatum de temeritate eorum, etc., cetera mihi facillima videbantur... multaque mihi veniebant in mentem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1; Sall. C. 51, 32; Verg. A. 6, 515; id. E. 3, 14.—
3.
The predicate after cum conceived as a period or space of time (including repeated action) is either in the imperf. indic. or imperf. subj. [In ante-classical writers and Cicero the imperf. indic. very frequent, and largely prevailing over the subj., except that when the principal predicate denotes a point of time (with perf.), Cicero commonly uses the subj.; the imperf. indic. occurs in Cicero 241 times; in Caesar once with the force of a relativeclause (B. G. 1, 40, 5), and 3 times of repeated action; in Nep. once of repeated action (Att. 9, 6); in Sall. twice (J. 31, 20; id. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch); in Liv. 22 times; in Verg. 4 times; in Ovid twice; in Tib. twice; in Prop. 3 times; in Val. Max. twice; then it disappears (except once each in Tac. and Mart.), but reappears in Gaius (3 times), Gellius (twice), and the Gallic panegyrists (several times)].
a.
Both predicates denoting spaces of time, the principal predicate always in the imperf. indic. unless the mood is changed by other influences.
(α).
Cum with the imperf. indic. (1) In express or implied opposition to other periods of time, esp. with tum or tunc:
eademne erat haec disciplina tibi quom tu adulescens eras?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 17:
alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?
Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 50; id. Most. 1, 3, 64; id. Mil. 2, 2, 26; Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 222 Vahl.):
qui cum plures erant, paucis nobis exaequari non poterant, hi postquam pauciores sunt, etc.,
Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25:
qui (Pompeius) cum omnes Caesarem metuebamus ipse eum diligebat, postquam ille metuere coepit, etc.,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4:
res per eosdem creditores per quos cum tu aderas agebatur,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 1 (cf.:
Senatus consultum factum est de ambitu in Afranii sententiam quam ego dixeram cum tu adesses,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 3):
Trebellium valde jam diligit: oderat tum cum ille tabulis novis adversabatur,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:
non tam id sentiebam cum fruebar, quam tunc cum carebam,
id. Red. Quir. 1, 3:
etenim tunc esset hoc animadvertendum cum classis Syracusis proficiebatur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 111 (so 111 times in Cicero, including the instances where the principal predicate is in the perf.):
cum captivis redemptio negabatur, nos vulgo homines laudabant, nunc deteriore condicione sumus, etc.,
Liv. 25, 6, 14; 10, 7, 2; 33, 34, 3; 34, 4, 10; 44, 36, 8; 45, 38, 1; Ov. P. 2, 6, 9; id. M. 13, 473; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1; 4, 1, 10; Mart. 12, 70, 10; Gai Inst. 1, 184; Eum. Grat. Act. 6; cf.: cur eum, cum in consilium iretur, Cluentius et Canutius abesse patiebantur? Cur cum in consilium mittebant, Stajenum judicem qui pecuniam dederant, non requirebant? Cic. Clu. 30, 83 (cum iretur, of the time when the judges retired; cum mittebant, of the previous time, when the parties were asked about the closing of the case; opp. cum iretur).—Poets, even in the class. per., sometimes use the subj. in dependence upon the indic.:
hic subito quantus cum viveret esse solebat, Exit humo,
Ov. M. 13, 441. —(2) The principal predicate denoting a mental act or reflection occasioned by, or accompanying the action of the clause with cum (mostly ante-class. and in Cicero):
desipiebam mentis cum illa scripta mittebam tibi,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 35; id. Aul. 2, 2, 1; id. Ps. 1, 5, 86:
sed tu cum et tuos amicos in provinciam quasi in praedam invitabas, et cum eis praedabare, et... non statuebas tibi rationem esse reddendam?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:
illas res tantas cum gerebam, non mihi mors, non exsilium ob oculos versabatur?
id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Cat. 3, 1, 3; 3, 7, 16; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26; 2, 2, 13, § 33; 2, 2, 35, § 86; 2, 3, 86, § 198; 2, 5, 21, § 54; id. Fl. 1, 1; id. Deiot. 1, 3; 8, 23; id. Pis. 24, 56 and 57; id. Ac. 2, 28, 89; id. Or. 13, 41; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 43; id. Fam. 7, 9, 5 (22 times); Sall. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch (cf.:
num P. Decius cum se devoveret, et equo admisso in mediam aciem Latinorum inruebat, aliquid... cogitabat?
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61; cum se devoveret explains the circumstances of inruebat; hence acc. to 3. a. b, 2. in subj.; cf. Madv. ad loc., who reads devoverat).—(3) If the predicate after cum has a meaning peculiar to the imperf. indic., which by the use of the subj. would be effaced: quod erat os tuum, cum videbas eos homines, quorum ex bonis istum anulus aureus donabas? (descriptive imperf.) Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187; so,
fulgentis gladios hostium videbant Decii, cum in aciem eorum inruebant,
id. Tusc. 2, 24, 59: cum de plebe consulem non accipiebat ( = accipere nolebat, conative imperf.), id. Brut. 14, 55:
cum vim quae esset in sensibus explicabamus, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 12, 37 (the verbum dicendi refers to a certain stage in the discourse, for which Cicero uses the imperf. indic. in independent sentences, e. g. N. D. 3, 29, 71; 3, 6, 15; de Or. 1, 53, 230; 2, 19, 83; 2, 84, 341); so,
equidem... risum vix tenebam, cum Attico Lysiae Catonem nostrum comparabas,
id. Brut. 8, 293:
cum censebam,
id. de Or. 1, 62, 264:
cum dicebam,
id. Fam. 6, 1, 5:
cum ponebas,
id. Fin. 2, 19, 63; so esp. in Cicero's letters the phrase cum haec scribebam = while I am writing this, to preserve the meaning of an epistolary tense, referring to a state, condition, or action in progress at the time of writing the letter:
res, cum haec scribebam, erat in extremum adducta discrimen,
id. Fam. 12, 6, 2; 3, 12, 2; 5, 12, 2; 6, 4, 1; id. Att. 5, 20, 5 et saep.; cum haec scriberem, scripsissem, scripsi, are not epistolary tenses, but refer to events happening after the letter or part of it was finished, = when I wrote, had written, id. ib. 2, 15, 3; 10, 4, 7; 4, 10, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5; 8, 13, 2;
sometimes cum dabam = cum scribebam,
Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 3 (but cf.:
cum scriberem, as epistolary tense, in oblique discourse,
id. Att. 15, 13, 7).—(4) The coincidence in time of two actions is made emphatic, = eo ipso tempore quo:
tum cum insula Delos... nihil timebat, non modo provinciis sed etiam Appia via jam carebamus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; id. Phil. 1, 15, 36; 13, 8, 17; id. Sull. 10, 31; id. Tusc. 2, 8, 20; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Dom. 45, 118.—
(β).
The predicate after cum is in the imperf. subj. (1) To impart to the clause a causal, adversative or concessive meaning besides the temporal relation:
antea cum equester ordo judicaret, improbi magistratus in provinciis inserviebant publicanis (a logical consequence),
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:
sed cum jam honores (Hortensii) et illa senior auctoritas gravius quiddam requireret, remanebat idem (dicendi genus) nec decebat idem,
id. Brut. 95, 327; id. Phil. 1, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 42; 16, 45; id. Pis. 10, 2; Liv. 25, 13, 1; 26, 5, 1.—(2) To indicate circumstances under which the main action took place, and by which it is explained:
Flaminius, cum tripudio auspicaretur, pullarius diem differebat, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77: [p. 493] equidem cum peterem magistratum, solebam in prensando dimittere a me Scaevolam, id. de Or. 1, 24, 112; id. Inv. 2, 17, 52; Liv. 41, 1, 2 (cf. 3. b. b, 3.).—(3) To describe the locality of the main action: quom essem in provincia legatus, quam plures ad praetores et consules vinum honorarium dabant, Cato ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 3, 8:
Zenonem cum Athenis essem audiebam frequenter,
Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 59; 1, 28, 79; id. Tusc. 2, 14, 34; id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; id. Att. 2, 11, 1; 12, 5, 4; 16, 14, 1; id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 29; Liv. 5, 54, 3 (cf. 3. b. b, 4.).—(4) To designate the time of the main action as a condition:
cum ageremus vitae supremum diem, scribebamus hoc,
Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 54:
cum jam in exitu annus esset, Q. Marcius... magistratu abiturus erat,
Liv. 39, 23, 1 (cf. 3. b. b, 5.).—
(γ).
If both the clause with cum and the principal predicate denote repeated action, the predicate with cum in class. prose is in the imperf. indic. or subj. according to the rules under a and b; the principal predicate being always in the imperf. indic.; but in ante-class. writers cum has always the imperf. indic. (1) Imperf. indic.:
tum mi aedes quoque arridebant, quom ad te veniebam, tuae,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Am. 1, 1, 45; id. Rud. 4, 7, 25 sqq.; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 19; Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 5; Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 4; Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 34; Caes. B. C. 1, 79, 2; Gai Inst. 2, 101; Pacat. Pan. 9 fin.:
cum a nostro Catone laudabar vel reprehendi me a ceteris facile patiebar,
Cic. Or. 13, 41; so Nep. Att. 9, 6.—To distinguish from adversative relations, as Cic. Rosc. Com. 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Caes. B. C. 3, 44, 6; Gai Inst. 2, 254.—If only the clause with cum, but not the principal predicate, denotes repeated action, the latter is in the perf., the former in imperf. indic., Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Cic. Arch. 5, 10.—(2) Imperf. subj., mostly denoting circumstances to explain the main action: cum dilectus antiquitus fieret... tribunus militaris adigebat, etc., Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:
Hortensius cum partiretur tecum causas, prorogandi locum semper tibi relinquebat,
Cic. Brut. 51, 190; id. Div. 1, 45, 102; id. de Or. 1, 54, 232; id. Brut. 62, 222; Liv. 3, 66, 2; 5, 25, 12:
ex hoc effectos panes, cum in colloquiis Pompeiani famem nostris objectarent, vulgo in eos jaciebant (causal),
Caes. B. C. 3, 48; Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62; so,
according to class. usage,
Sen. Ep. 86, 11; Curt. 5, 2, 7; 6, 5, 18; 7, 3, 13; Suet. Caes. 65;
contrary to class. usage,
Val. Max. 3, 6, 6; Sen. Ep. 30, 7; 77, 8; Tac. H. 2, 91; Spart. Had. 18. —
(δ).
In other instances (which are rare), both moods occur, either without any discrimination, or for special reasons. (1) Ante-class.:
nam quom modo exibat foras, ad portum se aibat ire,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 2. —(2) Class.:
ut, cum L. Opimii causam defendebat, C. Carbo nihil de Gracchi nece negabat, sed id jure factum esse dicebat,
Cic. de Or. 2, 25, 106 (cf.:
nuper cum ego C. Sergii Oratae... causam defenderem, nonne omnis nostra in jure versata defensio est?
id. ib. 1, 39, 178; in each of these sentences the clause with cum sustains exactly the same relation to the principal predicate; but the former has the imperf. in the principal sentence, and in this connection Cic. prefers the indic. after cum):
similiter arbitror... illum (oratorem) de toto illo genere non plus quaesiturum esse, quid dicat, quam Polycletum illum, cum Herculem fingebat, quem ad modum pellem aut hydram fingeret (fingebat, for euphony, in view of the foll. fingeret),
id. de Or. 2, 16, 70; cf.:
nec vero ille artifex cum faceret Jovis formam... contemplabatur aliquem, e quo similitudinem duceret,
id. Or. 2, 9.—Without assignable reason:
casu, cum legerem tuas litteras, Hirtius erat apud me,
Cic. Att. 15, 1, 2; cf.:
Hasdrubal tum forte cum haec gerebantur, apud Syphacem erat,
Liv. 29, 31, 1:
cum haec Romae agebantur, Chalcide Antiochus ipse sollicitabat civitatium animos, etc.,
id. 36, 5, 1; cf.:
cum haec in Hispania gererentur, comitiorum jam appetebat dies,
id. 35, 8, 1 (Weissenb. gerebantur):
cum haec agebantur, Chalcide erat Antiochus,
id. 36, 15, 1; cf.:
cum haec agerentur jam consul via Labicana ad fanum Quietis erat,
id. 4, 41, 8; 35, 2, 1.—(3) PostAug. writers almost always use imperf. subj., disregarding the class. usage: ipsa fruebatur arte cum pingeret (cf. a, 2.), Sen. Ep. 9, 7; id. Cons. Marc. 23, 3; Plin. Pan. 34:
tunc erat mendacio locus cum ignota essent externa... nunc vero, etc. (opposition of times),
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 24; so id. Ep. 97, 9; Mart. 2, 61, 1; cf. Don. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13 (3. a. a, 1. supra):
cum haec proderem habebant et Caesares juvenes sturnum, etc.,
Plin. 10, 41, 59, § 120.—
b.
If the principal predicate denotes a point of time, and the predicate with cum a period of time, the former is in the perf. indic. unless changed by construction; the latter
(α).
In the imperf. indic., according to the rules a. a, except 2. (1) When the time of the cum clause is opposed to other periods of time:
res quom animam agebat tum esse offusam oportuit,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 85; id. Truc. 4, 2, 20; id. Ep. 3, 3, 50 (3, 4, 21); id. Most. 5, 1, 68:
quod cum res agebatur nemo in me dixit, id tot annis post tu es inventus qui diceres?
Cic. Phil. 2, 9, 22; id. Rep. 2, 23, 43; id. Div. 1, 41, 92; 1, 45, 101; id. Ac. 2, 28, 90; id. Quint. 19, 60; 17, 54; 19, 61; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210 et saep.; Liv. 22, 60, 25; Verg. A. 4, 597; Tib. 1, 10, 8; 1, 10, 19; Prop. 2, 1, 31; 5 (4), 10, 24.—The subj. may be used if the principal action is represented as a consequence or result:
o, Astaphium, haut isto modo solita's me ante appellare, Sed blande, quom illuc quod aput vos nunc est, aput me haberem,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 60 (Lubbert conjectures habebam); Cic. Off. 2, 1, 2 and 3; id. Fin. 4, 27, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 11; id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 130; id. Mur. 3, 8; Liv. 5, 53, 9; 10, 6, 9; 43, 21, 1;
44, 39, 7.— Hence the mood may change in co-ordinate clauses: tum, cum haberet haec res publica Luscinos, Calatinos, etc., homines... patientia paupertatis ornatos, et tum, cum erant Catones, Phili, etc., tamen hujusce modi res commissa nemini est (haberet, concessive),
Cic. Agr. 2, 24, 64.—(2) To make emphatic the coincidence of time, = eo ipso tempore (a. a, 4.):
cum is triumphus de Liguribus agebatur, Ligures... coloniam ipsam ceperunt,
Liv. 41, 14, 1; Cic. Sest. 26, 56; id. Phil. 2, 36, 90; id. Div. 2, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 97; id. Att. 1, 4, 1.—(3) To preserve the peculiar force of the imperf. indic. (a. a, 3.): cum iste jam decedebat, ejus modi litteras ad eos misit, etc. (conative imperf.), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:
cum Africanus censor tribu movebat centurionem... inquit,
id. de Or. 2, 67, 272 (cf.:
cum (censor) M. Antistio equum ademisset,
id. ib. 2, 71, 287).—
(β).
With the imperf. subj. (1) Always when cum means while (time during which): quomque caput caderet, carmen tuba sola peregit et, etc., Enn. ap. Lact. ad Stat. Th. 11, 56 (Ann. v. 508 Vahl.):
magistratus quom ibi adesset, occepta'st agi,
Ter. Eun. prol. 22 (Lubbert conjectures adsedit); Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):
Alexandrum uxor sua, cum simul cubaret, occidit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:
armati, cum sui utrosque adhortarentur... in medium inter duas acies procedunt,
Liv. 1, 25, 1; Varr. R. R. 2, 81; Auct. Her. 4, 52, 65; Cic. Brut. 3, 10; id. Clu. 62, 175; Caes. B. G. 2, 19; id. B. C. 3, 57; Liv. 1, 30, 8; 10, 30, 3 et saep.—(2) To connect a logical (causal, etc.) relation with the temporal meaning (a. b, 1.):
cum ille Romuli senatus... temptaret ut ipse gereret sine rege rem publicam, populus id non tulit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 12, 23:
an pater familiarissimis suis succensuit cum Sullam et defenderent et laudarent? (causal),
id. Sull. 17, 49:
tum cum bello sociorum tota Italia arderet, homo non acerrimus... C. Norbanus in summo otio fuit (concessive),
id. Verr. 2, 5, 4, § 8:
quibus rebus cum unus in civitate maxime floreret, incidit in eandem invidiam, etc. (adversative),
Nep. Cim. 3, 1:
sed cum jam appropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubia esset... tunc injecta trepidatio est,
Liv. 44, 28, 10; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 211; id. Clu. 31, 84; id. Mur. 3, 8; id. Phil. 3, 2, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; Auct. Her. 4, 24, 33; Caes. B. C. 2, 7; Liv. 25, 9, 10; 21, 41, 12.—(3) To explain the main fact by circumstances:
quem quidem hercle ego, in exilium quom iret, redduxi domum,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 19:
consule me, cum esset designatus tribunus, obtulit in discrimen vitam suam,
Cic. Sest. 28, 61:
haec epistula est, quam nos, in aedibus Apronii cum litteras conquireremus, invenimus,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 66, § 154: Socrates, cum XXX. tyranni essent, pedem porta non extulit, id. Att. 8, 2, 4:
Brundusii cum loquerer cum Phania, veni in eum sermonem ut dicerem, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 5, 3:
itaque, cum populum in curias triginta divideret, nomina earum (Sabinarum) curiis imposuit,
Liv. 1, 13, 6:
Ap. Claudius, ovans cum in urbem iniret, decem milia pondo argenti, etc., in aerarium tulit,
id. 41, 28, 6; Cic. Clu. 20, 55; id. Phil. 12, 8, 20; id. Scaur. 47; id. Inv. 2, 31, 96; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; id. Div. 1, 52, 119; id. Off. 2, 8, 27; id. Or. 2, 55, 225 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 13; 6, 6, 5; Liv. 1, 39, 4; 3, 63, 6; 4, 53, 11 et saep.—(4) To describe the place of the main action (a. a, 3.):
cum essem in castris ad fluvium Pyramum, redditae mihi sunt uno tempore a te epistulae duae,
Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1;
so with cum essem (essemus, etc.),
id. ib. 2, 19, 1; 3, 4, 1; 13, 56, 1; id. Att. 1, 10, 1; 14, 19, 1; id. Ac. 1, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Varr. R. R. 3, 13; Caes. B. G. 4, 11 et saep.:
Eumenes rex ab Roma cum in regnum rediret... mactatus est ( = on the journey),
Liv. 42, 40, 8:
Agesilaus cum ex Aegypto reverteretur... in morbum implicitus decessit,
Nep. Ages. 8, 6.—The perf. indic. (cum fui, etc.) refers to temporary visits to a place:
Gallo narravi, cum proxime Romae fui, quid audissem,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 2:
proxime cum in patria mea fui, venit ad me, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3.—(5) To designate the time by natural occurrences (a. a, 4.):
ipsi comprehensi a me, cum jam dilucesceret, deducuntur,
Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6:
cum advesperasceret, cum lucesceret,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 8:
cum lux appropinquaret,
id. Tull. 9, 21:
cum dies instaret,
id. Inv. 2, 31, 96:
cum comitiorum tempus adpeteret,
Liv. 28, 10, 1:
cum dies comitiorum adpropinquaret,
id. 3, 34, 7; 10, 13, 2.—But when a date is given as a point of time, the perf. indic. is used:
cum ea dies venit,
Liv. 4, 44, 10; 6, 20, 4.—(6) When the action of the cum clause is interrupted or ended by the main action:
cum hanc jam epistulam complicarem, tabellarii a vobis venerunt, etc.,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 17:
L. Octavius, cum multas jam causas diceret, adulescens est mortuus,
id. Brut. 68, 241:
cum plures jam tribus dicto esse audientem pontifici duumvirum juberent... ultimum de caelo quod comitia turbaret intervenit,
Liv. 40, 42, 10:
cum maxime conquereretur apud patres... repente strepitus ante curiam... auditur,
id. 8, 33, 4:
haec cum maxime dissereret, intervenit Tarquinius,
id. 1, 50, 7;
so with cum maxime,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 23, 24, 6; 30, 33, 12.—(7) If the clause with cum has the force of a participial adjunct of the principal predicate (cum diceret = dicens, or dicendo):
Caesarem saepe accusavit, cum adfirmaret illum numquam, dum haec natio viveret, sine cura futurum ( = adfirmans, or adfirmando),
Cic. Sest. 63, 132:
Antigonus in proelio, cum adversus Seleucum dimicaret, occisus est ( = dimicans),
Nep. Reg. 3, 2:
impulit ut cuperem habere, cum diceret,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 8; Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9 (11), 3; id. Clu. 42, 119; 56, 153; id. pro Corn. Maj. Fragm. 16; id. Mil. 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 57, 243; id. Or. 37, 129; id. Fin. 1, 5, 16; id. Inv. 2, 34, 105; Val. Max. 1, 2, ext. 1; Ov. P. 1, 9, 42.—(8) In the historians, in a summary reference to events already related:
cum haec in Achaia atque apud Dyrrhachium gererentur... Caesar mittit, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57:
cum civitas in opere ac labore adsiduo reficiendae urbis teneretur, interim Q. Fabio... dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:
cum hic status in Boeotia esset, Perseus... misit,
id. 42, 56, 10; 33, 36, 1; 34, 22, 3; 38, 8, 1; 42, 64, 1; 45, 11, 1.—
(γ).
In all other cases the imperf. subj. is regularly used in class. prose, even if the action of the clause with cum is logically independent of the principal sentence:
illum saepe audivi, hic, cum ego judicare jam aliquid possem, abfuit,
Cic. Brut. 71, 248: senatus consultum est factum de ambitu in Afranii sententiam, in quam ego dixeram, cum tu adesses. id. Q. Fr. 2, 7 (9), 3; so always (class.) with cum maxime, precisely when, just when:
cum maxime haec in senatu agerentur, Canuleius... (ad populum) ita disseruit,
Liv. 4, 3, 1:
cum maxime Capua circumvallaretur, Syracusarum oppugnatio ad finem venit,
id. 25, 23, 1.—In a very few instances the imperf. indic. occurs without apparent reason: an vero cum honos agebatur familiae vestrae... succensuit [p. 494] pater tuus cum Sullam defenderent (probably to distinguish the two cum clauses), Cic. Sull. 17, 49 (cf.:
cum jus amicitiae, societatis, adfinitatis ageretur, cum, etc., eo tempore tu non modo non... retulisti, sed ne ipse quidem, etc.,
id. Quint. 16, 53):
ille versus, qui in te erat collatus cum aedilitatem petebas,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 8:
cum ex oppido exportabatur (Dianae statua) quem conventum mulierum factum esse arbitramini?... Quid hoc tota Sicilia est clarius quam omnes convenisse cum Diana exportaretur ex oppido? etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77.—Poets and post-class. writers frequently disregard the class. usage, the former by using either mood instead of the other, the latter by the un-Ciceronian use of the subj.; v. Prop. 2, 9, 15; 5 (4), 4, 10; Tib. 1, 10, 16; Verg. A. 7, 148; 12, 735; Mart. 13, 122; Curt. 8, 12, 16; 9, 2, 24; Quint. 11, 1, 89; Plin. 36, 6, 5, § 46; Dig. 28, 1, 22, § 1; Gell. strangely uses an imperf. indic. where class. writers would use a subj.:
sed ego, homines cum considerabam, alterum fidei, alterum probri plenum, nequaquam adduci potui ad absolvendum,
Gell. 14, 2, 10; cf.:
cum secum reputavit,
Tac. A. 15, 54.
D.
In adverbial clauses denoting identity of action (if the principal sentence and the clause with cum denote not different actions, but one action, which, expressed by the latter clause, is by the principal sentence defined in its meaning and import, the clause with cum always takes the indic., except once or twice post-class., and almost always the same tense as the principal sentence), when, by, in, etc.
1.
The predicate in present:
amice facis Quom me laudas,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 31; id. Poen. 3, 2, 12; 3, 5, 15; Ter. And. prol. 18; id. Ad. 1, 2, 16 et saep.:
bene facitis cum venitis,
Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63:
quae cum taces, nulla esse concedis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 54; 21, 58; id. Clu. 47, 132; Liv. 25, 6, 5 et saep.—
2.
With fut. (rare):
cum igitur proferent aliquid hujusmodi... inventum proferent,
Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 75; id. Fl. 39, 99; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 9.—
3.
With fut. perf. (rare):
quod cum dederis, illud dederis ut is absolvatur,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 23; id. Lig. 12, 36; id. Part. Or. 39; Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41.—
4.
With perf.:
fecisti furtum quom istaec flagitia me celavisti et patrem,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 60; 1, 2, 52; id. Cas. 4, 4, 18 (22); id. Capt. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Phorm. prol. 32 et saep.:
loco ille motus est cum ex urbe est depulsus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; id. Fam. 11, 29, 2; id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39; Liv. 5, 49, 8; 9, 8, 4; Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 1; Curt. 6, 10, 9; Quint. 1, 10, 47 et saep.—
5.
With histor. pres.:
Orestes cum se defendit, in matrem confert crimen,
Auct. Her. 1, 15, 25.—
6.
With imperf.:
cum grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum constituebant, adulescentiae temeritatem verebantur,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47; 14, 10, 28; id. Fl. 33, 83; id. Lig. 6, 18; id. Fam. 6, 1, 3; id. Off. 3, 10, 40; id. Sen. 6, 15 et saep.—
7.
Imperf. with perf. ( poet. and post-class.;
very rare): quid quod et ominibus certis prohibebar amori Indulgere meo, tum cum mihi ferre jubenti Excidit et fecit spes nostras cera caducas,
Ov. M. 9, 595 sq.; Val. Max. 9, 1, 5.—
8.
With pluperf. (very rare):
exspectationem nobis non parvam attuleras cum scripseras, etc.,
Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; id. Sest. 16, 37.—
* 9.
Pluperf. and imperf.:
quod quidem tibi ostenderam cum a me Capuam reiciebam,
Cic. Att. 8, 11, D, 5.—
10.
Imperf. subj. (post-class.):
tunc venena edebat bibebatque, cum immensis epulis non delectaretur tantum, sed gloriaretur,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 10.—
11.
Often relatively added to nouns when a relative clause must be supplied:
illa scelera... cum ejus domum evertisti, cujus, etc.,
which you committed when (by), Cic. Pis. 34, 83; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33; Liv. 5, 3, 4; 23, 9, 11; 29, 17, 9.
E.
In relative clauses, = quo tempore, quo, etc.
1.
Dependent on nouns designating time, the mood follows the general rules of relative clauses.
a.
The principal sentence is a formal statement of indefinite time, with the copula (tempus fuit cum, or fuit cum, analogous to sunt qui, etc.); generally with subj., but sometimes indic., when sunt qui would take this mood.
(α).
With pres. or fut. indic.: nunc est profecto (i. e. tempus), interfici quom perpeti me possum (the ante-class. writers construe sunt qui with indic.), Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 3; id. And. 1, 1, 125:
jam aderit tempus quom sese etiam ipse oderit,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 12; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 28.—
(β).
With pres. subj.: nunc est ille dies quom gloria maxima sese nobis ostendat, si vivimus, sive morimur, Enn. ap. Prisc. 10, p. 880 P. (Ann. v. 383 Vahl.); so Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 1:
erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet aliquando dies cum... amicissimi benevolentiam desideres,
Cic. Mil. 25, 69; Val. Max. 6, 2, 9.—
(γ).
With preterites, indic., Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 29:
fuit quoddam tempus cum in agris homines bestiarum more vagabantur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2 (cf.:
fuerunt alia genera qui... dicebant,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 62):
fuit cum hoc dici poterat (potuisset would be hypothetical),
Liv. 7, 32, 13.—
(δ).
With preterites, subj., Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 1:
quod fuit tempus cum rura colerent homines,
Varr. R. R. 3, 1:
ac fuit cum mihi quoque initium requiescendi concessum arbitrarer,
Cic. Or. 1, 1, 1; so id. Brut. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 6, 24.—
b.
Attributively with nouns denoting time (tempus, dies, etc.), in ordinary sentences.
(α).
With pres. or fut. indic.:
incidunt saepe tempora cum ea commutantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:
longum illud tempus cum non ero, etc.,
id. Att. 12, 8, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 177; id. Quint. 2, 8; id. Sen. 23, 84.—With potential subj., Cic. Att. 3, 3.—
(β).
With past tenses, indic., Plaut. Am. prol. 91; id. rud. 2, 6, 12; Ter. And. 5, 3, 12:
atque ille eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui necesse erat,
Cic. Lig. 7, 20:
memini noctis illius cum... pollicebar,
id. Planc. 42, 101; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; 2, 35, 88; id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; id. Sest. 7, 15; 29, 62; id. Sull. 18, 52; id. Fam. 11, 8, 1; 11, 27, 3; id. de Or. 1, 11, 45; Sall. J. 31, 20; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 6; Prop. 1, 10, 5; 1, 22, 5; Gell. 1, 23, 2 et saep.—So with nouns implying time:
illa pugna quom, etc. ( = in qua),
Plaut. Poen. 2, 26;
Marcellino Consule, cum ego... putabam ( = anno Marcellini, quo, etc.),
Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4:
patrum nostrorum memoria cum exercitus videbatur ( = tempore quo),
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2; Liv. 6, 40, 17.—
(γ).
With preterites in subj., Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:
accepit enim agrum iis temporibus cum jacerent pretia praediorum,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; so id. Off. 2, 19, 65:
numerandus est ille annus cum obmutuisset senatus?
id. Pis. 12, 26; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; id. Rep. 2, 37, 62; id. Font. 3, 6; Liv. 3, 65, 8:
haec scripsi postridie ejus diei cum castra haberem Mopsuhestiae (cf. habebam, as epistolary tense),
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 10.—If the clause does not define the noun, but is a co-ordinate designation of time, it follows the rule of adverbial clauses:
eodem anno, cum omnia infida Romanis essent, Capuae quoque conjurationes factae,
while, Liv. 9, 26, 5; Cic. Rep. 2, 36, 61; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; Liv. 8, 15, 1; 1, 41, 6.—
c.
Appositively added to temporal adverbs and to dates (heri, hodie, medius, tertius, olim, antea, quondam, nuper, olim, postea) following the rules of adverbial clauses:
Crassus hodie, cum vos non adessetis, posuit idem, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 41:
omnia quae a te nudius tertius dicta sunt, cum docere velles, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 7, 18; id. Sest. 48, 103; id. Att. 4, 3, 2; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Caes. B. C. 2, 17 et saep.—So with dates (always subj.. except with cum haec scribebam, or dabam):
posteaquam Pompeius apud populum ad VIII. Id. Febr., cum pro Milone diceret, clamore convicioque jactatus est,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 1; 3, 3, 1; 3, 4, 1; 4, 2, 1; id. Att. 14, 19, 1.—
2.
The principal sentence defines a period of time during which the action of the clause has or had lasted, always with indic., and after the words defining the period, = per quod tempus, when, that, during which, while, etc.
a.
With pres., = Engl. pres. perf.
(α).
With cardinal, definite or indefinite. (1) Time in acc. (ante-class.):
hanc domum Jam multos annos est quom possideo,
that I have been the owner, Plaut. Aul. prol. 4; cf. id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—(2) Time in nom.:
anni sunt octo cum ista causa in ista meditatione versatur,
Cic. Clu. 30, 82; id. Or. 51, 171; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1; id. Div. 2, 36, 76.—
(β).
With ordinals:
vigesimus annus est, cum omnes scelerati me unum petunt,
Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Verg. A. 5, 627; 3, 646.—
(γ).
With diu:
jam diu'st quom ventri victum non datis,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 146; Gell. 1, 25, 12.—
b.
Perf. with negation, the principal predicate in pres. or logical perf., = Engl. pres. perf.:
quia septem menses sunt quom in hasce aedes pedem Nemo intro tetulit,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 39; id. Men. 3, 1, 3; Prop. 3, 8, 33 (2, 16, 33. —
c.
With pluperf., the principal predicate in imperf.:
permulti jam anni erant cum inter patricios magistratus tribunosque nulla certamina fuerant,
Liv. 9, 33, 3.—
d.
With imperf., the principal predicate in perf. or pluperf.:
dies triginta aut plus in ea navi fui, Quom interea semper mortem exspectabam miser,
Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 7:
unus et alter dies intercesserat, cum res parum certa videbatur,
Cic. Clu. 26, 72.—
3.
The principal sentence specifying a period of time which has or had elapsed since the action took place, = ex ejus tempore, since or after, always with indic.; the principal predicate pres. or logical perf., cum with perf. indic.
a.
With cardinals.
(α).
Time in acc. (ante-class.):
annos factum'st sedecim Quom conspicatus est primo crepusculo Puellam exponi,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 39; so probably id. Pers. 1, 3, 57; id. Trin. 2, 4, 1; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—
(β).
With nom.:
nondum centum et decem anni sunt cum de pecuniis repetundis lata lex est,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75; id. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 9, 11, A, 2.—
b.
With diu or dudum:
nam illi quidem haut sane diu'st quom dentes exciderunt,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 42; id. As. 2, 1, 3; id. Trin. 4, 3, 3.—
c.
Peculiarly, cum referring to an action which was to be done after a period of time, before, at the end of which:
omnino biduum supererat cum exercitui frumentum metiri oporteret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23. —
4.
In inverted clauses, the principal sentence determining the time of the clause, cum ( = quo tempore) having the force of a relative; cum with the indic. always following the principal sentence; never in oblique discourse; very freq. in class. and post-class. writings (ante-class. only Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 3; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40; id. Eun. 4, 2, 5); principal sentence often with jam, vix, vixdum, nondum, tantum quod, and commodum; cum often with subito, repente, sometimes interim, tamen, etiamtum.
a.
Principal sentence defining time by temporal expressions.
(α).
Principal sentence with pluperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:
dies nondum decem intercesserant cum ille alter filius necatur,
Cic. Clu. 9, 28; id. Verr. 1, 2, 36; id. Or. 2, 21, 89; Ov. M. 9, 715; Plin. Pan. 91, 1.—(2) Cum with histor. inf., Sall. J. 98, 2.—
(β).
Principal sentence with imperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:
nondum lucebat cum Ameriae scitum est,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97; Liv. 21, 59, 5; 41, 26, 2; 22, 1, 1; 9, 33, 3; 9, 37, 5; Verg. G. 2, 340; Curt. 4, 3, 16; 5, 12, 6 al.—(2) Cum with imperf., Curt. 6, 7, 1.—
(γ).
Principal sentence with perf., cum with perf.:
dies haud multi intercesserunt cum ex Leontinis praesidium... venerunt,
Liv. 24, 29, 1; 40, 48, 4.—
b.
Principal sentence not containing expressions of time; most freq. with pluperf. or imperf. in principal sentence, and perf. or histor. pres. in clause with cum, but (far more rarely) many other combinations occur.
(α).
Principal sentence with imperf., cum with perf.:
non dubitabat Minucius quin, etc., cum repente jubetur dicere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 29, § 72:
jamque hoc facere noctu adparabant cum matres familiae repente... procucurrerunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 26, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 36; Liv. 1, 36, 1 (57 times); Verg. A. 1, 36 (26 times); Vell. 2, 28, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 18, 3; Tac. A. 3, 1 (31 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (19 times); Plin. Ep. 6, 24, 2.—
(β).
Principal sentence with pluperf., cum with perf. or histor. pres.:
jam Sora capta erat cum consules prima luce advenere,
Liv. 9, 24, 13 (32 times); Cic. Clu. 9, 28 (14 times); Sall. J. 60, 6; Verg. A. 1, 586 (13 times); Tac. A. 1, 19 (13 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (18 times). —And cum with potential subj.:
vix erat hoc plane imperatum cum illum spoliatum... videres,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86.—
(γ).
Principal sentence with perf., Cic. Sest. 37, 39 (5 times); Liv. 2, 46, 3 (8 times).—
(δ).
Principal sentence with histor. inf., Liv. 5, 46, 1; Tac. A. 1, 11; 11, 16; Curt. 5, 9, 1; 9, 5, 1.—
(ε).
Principal sentence with histor. pres., Liv. 4, 32, 1 (3 times); Ov. M. 4, 695 (5 times).—
(ζ).
Cum with imperf., Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17 (3 times); Sall. J. 51, 2; Liv. 44, 10, 6; Tac. A. 1, 51; 11, 26.—
(η).
Cum with [p. 495] histor. inf., Liv. 2, 27, 1; Tac. A. 2, 31 (6 times); Curt. 4, 4, 9.—
(θ).
Cum with pluperf., Liv. 2, 46, 3 (3 times); Ov. M. 14, 581; Verg. A. 2, 256 sq.—
(κ).
With logical perf., or logical perf. and pres. (rare):
quam multi enim jam oratores commemorati sunt... cum tamen spisse ad Antonium Crassumque pervenimus,
Cic. Brut. 36, 138:
jamque fuga timidum caput abdidit alte (coluber), Cum medii nexus extremaeque agmina caudae Solvuntur,
Verg. G. 3, 422.—
5.
In clauses added loosely or parenthetically to a preceding clause or to a substantive in it (the mood governed by the rules for relative clauses).
a.
When, on an occasion, on which, etc.
(α).
With perf. indic.:
Hortensium maxime probavi pro Messala dicentem, cum tu abfuisti,
Cic. Brut. 96, 328; id. Phil. 11, 8, 18; id. Dom. 9, 22; 53, 136; id. Fam. 13, 75, 1; Spart. Had. 3; Flor. 1, 18, 9 (1, 13, 19).—
(β).
With imperf. indic.:
num infitiari potes te illo ipso die meis praesidiis circumclusum commovere te non potuisse, cum tu nostra... caede contentum esse dicebas?
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7; id. Sest. 63, 131; id. Cael. 24, 59.—
(γ).
Cum with pres. indic., a past tense in principal sentence (mostly poet.):
nox erat et placidum carpebant fessa soporem Corpora... cum medio volvuntur sidera lapsu, Cum tacet omnis ager, etc.,
Verg. A. 4, 522; 8, 407; 12, 114; id. E. 8, 15; Hor. S. 1, 10, 31; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 22.—
(δ).
Imperf. subj.: qui... accensi nulla deinde vi sustineri potuere, cum compulsi in castra Romani rursus obsiderentur, in consequence of which ( = ita ut), Liv. 3, 5, 8.—
(ε).
So freq. cum quidem, always with indic.:
sed uterque noster cedere cogebatur, cum quidem ille pollicitus est, se quod velletis esse facturum,
Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; id. Fl. 22, 53; id. Pis. 9, 21; 34, 83 and 84; id. Leg. 2, 6, 14; id. Sen. 4, 11; Suet. Caes. 50; Spart. Had. 9; id. Ael. Ver. 4.—
b.
Cum tamen, at which time however, and yet, while nevertheless, representing the principal sentence as concessive, analogous to qui tamen (v. tamen).
(α).
With indic., like qui tamen, always, except for particular reasons:
fit gemitus omnium et clamor, cum tamen a praesenti supplicio tuo continuit populus Romanus se, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 29, § 74; id. Pis. 12, 27; Liv. 6, 42, 11; Verg. A. 9, 513; Tac. H. 1, 62; so,
cum nihilo magis,
Nep. Dat. 10, 3; passing over into inverted cum clauses (4. b.), as Sall. J. 98, 2; Liv. 27, 20, 11.—
(β).
With subj., Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; Liv. 4, 31, 6 (where the clause with cum is adverbial).—
6.
Cum interea (interim).
a.
Adverbial (rare).
(α).
Temporal with subj.; with subj. imperf., while, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62; with pluperf. subj., after, id. ib. 1, 2, 9, § 25; id. Fam. 15, 43.—
(β).
Adversative, with subj., whereas during this time. (1) Pres.:
simulat se eorum praesidio conflteri, cum interea aliud quiddam jam diu machinetur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 15; Val. Max. 2, 9, 1; Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 14.—(2) With perf. subj.:
cum tu interim vero numquam significaris sententiam tuam,
Cic. Pis. 4, 9; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11 dub.; Val. Max. 7, 8, 6.—(3) With imperf. subj., Cic. Sull. 5, 6; Plin. Pan. 76, 1.—
b.
Relative, always with indic., in class. writings always referring to a period during which, belonging,
(α).
To the attributive clauses (v. 2. supra). (1) In pres.:
anni sunt octo... cum interea Cluentianae pecuniae vestigium nullum invenitis,
Cic. Clu. 30, 82; Liv. 5, 54, 5; Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 33.— (2) In imperf., Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 8 (2. c.).—
(β).
To the inverted clauses (4.):
tanta erat in his locis multitudo cum interim Rufio noster... hominem percussit,
Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2.—So probably: cum interim Gallus quidam processit, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 5; id. Pis. 38, 92 sq.; id. Tusc. 4, 3, 6; Sall. J. 12, 5; 49, 4; Liv. 3, 37, 5; Val. Max. 8, 1, 3; 9, 7, 2; Sen. Ira, 2, 33, 4; Tac. H. 1, 60; with indefinite pres. indic. in both terms, Sen. Cons. Marc. 11, 5.—
(γ).
To the additional clauses (5.). (1) With perf. indic., Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 3; Flor. 4, 2, 69; 4, 12, 33; with inf. in oblique discourse, Liv. 4, 51, 4; 6, 27, 6.—(2) Post-Aug., and in Nep., = cum tamen (5. b.), while nevertheless, whereas, with pres. or perf. indic.:
post Leuctricam pugnam Lacedaemonii se numquam refecerunt... cum interim Agesilaus non destitit patriam juvare,
Nep. Ages. 7, 1: cum interim Oedipodis ossa... colis, Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3; 3, 4, 5; 4, 4, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 18; 10, 1, 11; 12, 10, 67; Tac. H. 4, 42; Suet. Claud. 6; Flor. 4, 12, 33.
F.
In clauses completing the idea of the governing verb.
1.
After verbs of perception (videre, perspicere, audire, etc.; audivi cum diceres, etc. = audivi te dicentem).
a.
Dependent on verbs of seeing and feeling.
(α).
With indic.:
nam ipsi vident eorum quom auferimus bona ( = nos auferre or auferentes),
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 16; id. Poen. 3, 4, 13; id. Am. 5, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 65; id. Mil. 2, 6, 26:
conspectum est cum obiit,
Liv. 5, 25, 3.—
(β).
With subj.:
is... numquam est conspectus cum veniret,
Cic. Sest. 59, 126:
vidi... Cum tu terga dares,
Ov. M. 13, 224.—
b.
After verbs of hearing, always with subj.:
L. Flaccum ego audivi cum diceret Caeciliam exisse, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104; id. Par. 6, 1, 45; id. de Or. 2, 6, 22; 2, 28, 129; 2, 33, 144; 2, 37, 155; 2, 90, 365; id. Brut. 27, 85; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54; id. Fam. 3, 7, 4; Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—
c.
After memini, with indic. (sc. tempus):
memini quom... haud audebat,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 53:
memini cum mihi desipere videbare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 1.—With subj.:
memini cum velles residere ferventissimo sole,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—
2.
After verba adfectuum, with the force of quod, always with indic. (mostly ante-class.).
a.
Verbs of thanking:
habeo gratiam tibi Quom copiam istam mi et potestatem facis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 14; id. Curc. 5, 3, 21; id. As. 3, 2, 2; id. Most. 2, 2, 2; id. Poen. 1, 2, 46; 5, 4, 84 (99); Ter. And. 4, 4, 32; id. Ad. 1, 2, 59:
tibi maximas gratias ago, cum tantum litterae meae potuerunt, ut eis lectis, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 24, 2.—
b.
Of congratulation:
quom tu's aucta liberis... gratulor,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 33; 2, 6, 35: L. Caesar, O mi Cicero, inquit, gratulor tibi cum tantum vales apud Dolabellam, etc., L. Caesar ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 3; and ib. Att. 14, 17, A, 3.—
c.
Of rejoicing and grieving:
quom istaec res tibi ex sententia Pulcre evenit, gaudeo,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 10; id. Poen. 5, 5, 48:
cum vero in C. Matii familiaritatem venisti, non dici potest quam valde gaudeam,
Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; Sall. J. 102, 5.—
d.
Dependent on optative sentences:
di tibi bene faciant semper quom advocatus bene mi ades,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 26; id. Poen. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 19.
G.
Elliptical usages (without predicate).
1.
Cum maxime.
a.
With ut: hanc Bacchidem Amabat, ut quom maxime, tum Pamphilus ( = ut amabat tum quom maxume amabat, as much as he ever did), Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40:
etiamne ea neglegamus, quae fiunt cum maxime, quae videmus?
Cic. Har. Resp. 15, 32.—Hence,
b.
By abbreviation: nunc cum maxime or cum maxime alone, now especially, just now: tum cum maxime, just then:
nunc cum maxume operis aliquid facere credo,
Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 2; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 26; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 40:
quae multos jam annos et nunc cum maxime filium interfectum cupit,
Cic. Clu. 5, 12:
castra amissa, et tum cum maxime ardere,
Liv. 40, 32, 1; Curt. 3, 2, 17; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 3; id. Ben. 3, 3, 3; id. Ep. 55, 1; 55, 11; 81, 7; Tac. Or. 16; 37; Eum. pro Schol. 4; Mamert. 2.—With maxime in adverbial clauses, just while, especially when, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 3; id. Off. 1, 13, 41; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 1, 50, 7; 2, 59, 7; 3, 25, 4; 3, 31, 3; 4, 3, 1; 8, 33, 4 et saep.—
2.
Similarly with other superlatives (post-class.):
foliis ternis, aut, cum plurimum, quaternis,
at the utmost, Plin. 25, 10, 74, § 121; 18, 7, 10, § 60:
cum tardissime,
id. 18, 7, 10, § 51:
cum longissime,
Suet. Tib. 38.
H.
For co-ordinate clauses with cum... tum, v. tum, I. A. 3.
II.
Causal, since, because, as.
A.
Anteclass., chiefly with indic.
1.
With pres. indic.:
hoc hic quidem homines tam brevem vitam colunt, Quom hasce herbas hujus modi in suom alvom congerunt,
because, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 34; id. Truc. 1, 2, 50; 2, 4, 8:
edepol, merito esse iratum arbitror, Quom apud te tam parva'st ei fides,
since, id. Ps. 1, 5, 62; id. Most. 1, 1, 28; id. Truc. 2, 1, 32; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 30; id. Hec. 4, 1, 53.—
2.
With perf. indic.:
praesertim quom is me dignum quoi concrederet Habuit, me habere honorem ejus ingenio decet,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 66; Ter. And. 3, 2, 8.—
3.
With subj.
a.
By construction of principal sentence: adeon, me fuisse fungum ut qui illi crederem, Quom mi ipsum nomen ejus Clamaret, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 51; id. Capt. 1, 2, 37; Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6; id. Eun. 3, 5, 18; 5, 2, 24.—
b.
Independent of such construction:
jam istoc probior es meo quidem animo quom in amore temperes,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8 (bracketed by Goetz;
Brix conjectures temperas): nil miror si lubenter tu hic eras, Quom ego servos quando aspicio hunc lacrumem quia dijungimur,
id. Mil. 4, 8, 18 Lorenz (Brix: quin ego... lacrumo; cf.
Lubbert, Grammat. Stud. II. pp. 133, 137): Nam puerum injussu eredo non tollent meo, Praesertim in ea re quom sit mi adjutrix socrus,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 82; so id. Ad. 2, 1, 12.
B.
Class. and post-class., always with subj.
1.
With pres. subj.:
cum ista sis auctoritate, non debes arripere maledictum ex trivio,
Cic. Mur. 6, 13:
cum vita sine amicis insidiarum et metus plena sit, ratio ipsa monet amicitias comparare,
id. Fin. 1, 20, 66:
quae cum ita sint, videamus, etc.,
id. Clu. 44, 123:
quod cum ita sit, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; id. Mur. 1, 2; id. Arch. 5, 10; id. Off. 3, 3, 13; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; Liv. 7, 9, 5; 21, 21, 5 et saep.—
2.
With perf. subj.:
cum inimicitiae fuerint numquam, opinio injuriae beneficiis sit exstincta... rei publicae providebo,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; id. de Or. 1, 49, 214; the perf. subj. is often retained after a principal predicate in a past tense, id. Clu. 60, 167; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4.—
3.
With imperf. subj.
a.
Denoting both cause and coincidence of time:
vacuum fundum, cum ego adessem, possidere non potuisti,
Auct. Her. 4, 29, 40; Cic. Or. 8, 25:
cum tanta multitudo lapides et tela conicerent, in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli,
Caes. B. G. 2, 6; id. B. C. 3, 1; Liv. 39, 31, 3; 4, 8, 3; 25, 11, 1.—
b.
Denoting cause without time:
cum esset egens, sumptuosus, audax... ad omnem fraudem versare suam mentem coepit,
Cic. Clu. 26, 70:
quod oppidum cum esset altissimo et munitissimo loco, ad existimationem imperii arbitratus sum, comprimere eorum audaciam,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 10; Caes. B. C. 3, 37.—
4.
With pluperf. subj.:
Caesar cum constituisset hiemare in continenti, neque multum aestatis superesset, obsides imperat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 22.
C.
With adverbs of emphasis.
1.
Praesertim cum, or cum praesertim, = especially since, the more so because:
quae cum ita sint, quid est quod de ejus civitate dubitetis, praesertim cum aliis quoque civitatibus fuerit adscriptus?
Cic. Arch. 5, 10:
cur enim tibi hoc non gratificor nescio, praesertim cum his temporibus audacia pro sapientia liceat uti,
id. Fam. 1, 10, 1:
cum praesertim vos alium miseritis,
id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16 (cum praesertim rarely refers to time, with indic., Sen. Ep. 85, 6).—
2.
Quippe cum represents the conclusion as selfevident, since of course, since obviously:
nihil est virtute amabilius, quippe cum propter virtutem etiam eos, quos numquam videmus, quodammodo diligamus,
Cic. Lael. 8, 28:
numquam ego pecunias istorum, etc., in bonis rebus duxi, quippe cum viderem, etc.,
id. Par. 1, 1, 6; id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; 1, 20, 54; id. Fin. 3, 12, 41; 5, 28, 84; Liv. 4, 27, 8; 4, 57, 10.—Sometimes with indic. if cum refers to time, when of course, if, of course: tu vero etiam si reprehenderes... laetarer: quippe cum in reprehensione est prudentia cum eumeneiai, Cic. Att. 16, 11, 2.—In later writers with indic., because when:
omnia experiri necessitas cogebat: quippe cum primas spes fortuna destituit, futura praesentibus videntur esse potiora,
Curt. 4, 1, 29.—
3.
Utpote cum, seeing that, explanatory, with subj.:
me incommoda valetudo qua jam emerseram, utpote cum sine febri laborassem, tenebat Brundusii,
Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1; Cels. 1 prooem.; Sen. Cons. Marc. 21, 2.
III.
Adversative, while, whereas, denoting a logical contrast with the principal sentence.
A.
Ante-class., chiefly,
1.
With indic.:
hei mihi, insanire me aiunt, ultro quom ipsi insaniunt,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 80; id. Stich. 1, 37; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 5; Ter. Phorm. prol. 23; 2, 2, 26.—
2.
Subj.
a.
By construction of principal predicate:
tibi obtemperem quom tu mihi nequeas?
Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 16 (4, 1, 50).—
b.
Independent of construction: edepol, Cupido, quom tam pausillus sis, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. p. 421, 25 (Lubbert conjectures quom [p. 496] tu's tam pausillus):
eo vos madefacitis, quom ego sim hic siccus?
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52.
B.
Class. and post-class., always with subj.
1.
With pres. subj.:
cum de bonis et de caede agatur, testimonium dicturus est is qui et sector est et sicarius,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 103; id. Clu. 24, 65; id. Leg. 1, 7, 22:
et cum tibi, viro, liceat purpura in veste stragula uti, matrem familias tuam purpureum amiculum habere non sines?
Liv. 34, 7, 3; Sen. Prov. 4, 10; id. Clem. 1, 18, 2; id. Ben. 2, 16, 1.—
2.
With perf. subj.: an tu, cum omnem auctoritatem universi ordinis pro pignore putaris, eamque... concideris, me his existimas pignoribus terreri? Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4:
indignatur exul aliquid sibi deesse, cum defuerit Scipioni dos?
Sen. Cons. Helv. 12, 7; id. Ira, 3, 12, 7; freq. pres. and perf. subj. retained, if dependent on preterites, Cic. Brut. 71, 250; id. Agr. 3, 2, 5.—
3.
With imperf. subj.:
ita, cum maximis eum rebus liberares, perparvam amicitiae culpam relinquebas,
Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:
hunc Egnatium censores, cum patrem eicerent, retinuerunt,
id. Clu. 48, 135:
eorum erat V. milium numerus, cum ipsi non amplius octingentos equites haberent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 11; Liv. 1, 55, 3; Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 1; 1, 53, 227; 2, 50, 203; id. Clu. 5, 12; id. Ac. 1, 10, 38 sq.; Liv. 39, 49, 1; Val. Max. 1, 6, 11; 3, 2, 10 fin. —
4.
With pluperf. subj.:
Socratis ingenium immortalitati scriptis suis Plato tradidit, cum ipse litteram Socrates nullam reliquisset,
Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 60; id. Ac. 2, 1, 2; id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; Val. Max. 1, 8, 11.
IV.
Concessive, although, denoting a reason for the contrary of the principal sentence.
A.
Ante-class., mostly with indic.
1.
Indic.:
qui it lavatum In balineas, quom ibi sedulo sua vestimenta servat, Tam subripiuntur,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 26; id. Truc. 1, 2, 89 (95); id. Stich. 1, 2, 67.—
2.
With subj.: nihilominus ipsi lucet, quom illi accenderit, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Trag. Rel. v. 389 Rib.).
B.
Class. and post-class., always with subj.
1.
Pres. subj.:
testis est Graecia, quae cum eloquentiae studio sit incensa, jamdiuque excellat in ea... tamen omnis artis vetustiores habet,
Cic. Brut. 7, 26:
nam (Druentia) cum aquae vim vehat ingentem, non tamen navium patiens est,
Liv. 21, 31, 11.—
2.
Imperf. subj.:
ego autem, cum consilium tuum probarem, et idem ipse sentirem, nihil proficiebam,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:
non poterant tamen, cum cuperent, Apronium imitari,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78; id. de Or. 1, 28, 126; id. Brut. 7, 28; 91, 314; id. Inv. 2, 31, 97; id. Clu. 40, 110; Caes. B. G. 5, 40; Liv. 5, 38, 5; Nep. Att. 13, 1; so,
quae cum ita essent... tamen,
although this was so, Cic. Clu. 34, 94; id. Fam. 2, 16, 2.—
3.
With pluperf. subj.:
cui cum Cato et Caninius intercessissent, tamen est perscripta,
Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 4:
patrem meum, cum proscriptus non esset, jugulastis,
id. Rosc. Am. 11, 32.
V.
In hypothetical clauses, always with imperf. or pluperf. subj., = si, but defining an assumed or fictitious time.
1.
With imperf. subj.:
quis ex populo, cum Scaevolam dicentem audiret in ea causa, quicquam politius aut elegantius exspectaret?
Cic. Brut. 55, 194:
etiam tum quiesceretis cum rem publicam a facinorosissimis sicariis esse oppressam videretis?
id. Sest. 38, 81; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 86; id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, §§ 28 and 29.—
2.
With pluperf. subj.:
quod esset judicium cum de Verris turpissimo comitatu tres recuperatorum nomine adsedissent?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30:
mors cum exstinxisset invidiam, res ejus gestae sempiterni nominis glorianiterentur,
id. Balb. 6, 16.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cum

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

CAROLUS — I. CAROLUS Borromaeus, Archiepiscopus Mediolanensis, nepos ex sorore Pii IV. natus est, A. C. 1538. Obiit A. C. 1584. a Paulo V. Beatis adscriptus. Godeau, Car. Biscapo et Ripamontius, in eius vita. II. CAROLUS Dux Duracinus, fil. Iohannis Siculi … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
OTHO — I. OTHO e filiis Henrici cognomine Senioris, (qui a Friderico II. Imperatore primus creatus est Princeps Anhaltinus) ex Mechtilde Brunsuicensi, ascaniam seu Aschersleben, in divisione paternae hereditatis, nactus, filium Othonem ipse sepelivit.… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
EBERHARDUS — I. EBERHARDUS Comes Vohburgius, ultimus Notimbergae Burggravius fuit: quo exstincto Rudolfus. I. Imp. Burggraviatum seu Franconiae Ducatum contulit suo ex sorore nepoti, Friderico Comiti Zollerano: in cuius familia, ab eo enim hodierni Principes… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
SEPTEM — numerus plenitudinis et perfectionis in Sacris, de quo Eruditi passim. Graecis ἑπτὰ, quasi σεπτὰ, ut ipsis Pythagoraeis visum: σεπτὸν autem latinis sanctum et venerabile notat. Nempe, quoniam magnus rerum Opifex sanctificat diem septimum, Graeci… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
AEOLIDES — dictus est Ulysses ab Aeolo, qui filium habuit Sisyphum, ex quo natus est Ulysses. Virg. Aen. l. 6. v. 528. Comes additur unâ Hortator scelerum Aeolides. Nam Anticleae fil. fuit, quae ante Laertae nuptias clamo cum Sisypho Aeoli filio concubuit,… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
BLOMBERGIUS ramus — ex Furstenbergensi familia ortus est. Comitum autem horum verusta et inter Suevos celebris familia, Principali axiomare ex parte nuper est ornata; eiusque partem olim constiutisse crediti Comites Friburgenses, qui in Iohanne (a quo Hochbergiis,… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
SPECUS seu SPELUNCA — terrae recessus cavitasque rupium ac montium est, in qua non feris solum sua receptacula, sed et integris hominum coetibus sua sunt aliquibus in regionibus (uti primitus olim) habitacula. Unde integras Civitates subterraneas Geographi habent,… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
WOLDEMARUS — I. WOLDEMARUS fil. Christiani IV. Daniae Regis, e pellice Christina Munckia, in Moscoviam ducendae M. Ducis filiae prosectus, multos sumptus fecit; exin Suecis in Polonia militaus obiit. II. WOLDEMARUS filius Alberti IV. Principis Ascaniae,… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
ARNOLPHUS — I. ARNOLPHUS Bavariae Dux post Luithaldum; item Carlomanni ex concubina sil. cui Carnutum Comitatum Ludovicus cessit. Vide hîc infra. II. ARNOLPHUS cognomine Malus, fil. Arnolphi Imperatoris secundum quosdam, aliis Luitpoldi Bavarae Ducis filium… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
GIBELINI et GUELPHI — GIBELINI, et GUELPHI duae fuêre quondam per Italiam factiones, A. C. 1240. quae odio exitiali inter se digladiabantur. Earum autem origo talis fuisle dicitur. Cum Fridericus II. Imp. in Italiam proficisceretur, excommunicatus est a Romano… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Christmas — • Provides a detailed overview of the holiday from the fourth century through the modern age. Includes links to related topics Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Christmas Christmas … Catholic encyclopedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

ex quo natus es

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

ex quo natus es

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: